چکیده مقاله :
هدف: زنانگی و نقش مادری به عنوان یک ساختار نقشی جنسیتی بیش از همه در نگرش به مادری تجلی می‌یابد و این نگرش به مادری می‌تواند تحت تأثیر عوامل مختلفی باشد. از دیگر سو، در پرتو تحولاتی که در سده اخیر در جهان و ایران رخ داده، بسیاری از مولفههای سبک زندگی، به ویژه در میان زنان، در معرض تغییر قرار گرفته است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی جامعهشناسانه تأثیر سبک زندگی بر نگرش به نقش مادری از زنان شهر رشت انجام شده است.
روش و مواد : روش پژوهش حاضر توصیفی و از نوع همبستگی است. جامعه آماری تمام زنان متآهل دارای فرزند ساکن شهر رشت در سال 1400 است که با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری خوشهای تصادفی و با حجم نمونه 384 نفر جمع آوری داده انجام گردید. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها، متناسب با سطح سنجش متغیرها از آزمون همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل مسیر استفاده شده است. با توجه به هدف و فرضیههای پژوهش، نگرش به مادری و سبک زندگی زنان با نظریات بوردیو، گیدنز، مانهایم و نیز برخی روایتهای فمنیستی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: با توجه به آزمون فرضیهها بین سبک زندگی و نگرش به مادری رابطه معنادار وجود دارد. بدین صورت که با مدرن شدن سبک زندگی، نگرش به نقش مادری در زنان نیز مدرن میشود و این مسئله در کلیه جنبههای سبک زندگی نظیر مدیریت بدن، سبک خرید، مصرف فرهنگی و اوقات فراغت به چشم میخورد .
با توجه به میانگین شاخصهای پژوهش، نگرش به مادری در زنان نه سنتی است و نه مدرن بلکه بینابین؛ اما نزدیک به مدرن است؛ سبک زندگی زنان نیز در وضعیت مشابه قرار دارد و در محدوده بینابین (سنتی- مدرن) است. تحلیل مسیر نشان از آن دارد که مصرف فرهنگی بیشترین اثر مستقیم را بر نگرش به مادری دارد. همچنین مدیریت بدن و پایگاه اقتصادی و اجتماعی دارای اثرات مستقیم و غیرمستقیم و اوقات فراغت دارای اثر غیرمستقیم بر نگرش به مادری است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Femininity and the role of motherhood are manifested as a gender role
structure in the attitude towards motherhood. This attitude is different in
traditional and modern women. The developments of the last century in
the world and in Iran have exposed the lifestyle components of women to
change. The current research was conducted with the purpose of a
sociological survey on the effect of lifestyle on the attitude towards the role
of motherhood in two generations of women in Rasht city. The data was
collected using a cross-sectional survey and questionnaire among married
women with children with a sample size of 384 people, using a random
sampling method. Pearson’ correlation test and path analysis were used
for data analysis. According to research hypotheses, the attitude towards
motherhood and women s lifestyle were analyzed with the theories of
Bourdieu, Giddens, Mannheim and some feminist narratives. According to
the findings, there is a significant relationship between attitude towards
motherhood and lifestyle. With the modernization of the lifestyle, the
attitude towards the motherhood’s role in women is also modernized, this
is visible in aspects of the lifestyle such as body management, shopping
style, cultural consumption and leisure time. According to the research
indicators, women’s attitude towards motherhood is neither traditional nor
modern, but intermediate, but close to modern; Women’s lifestyle is in the
intermediate range (traditional-modern). Path analysis shows that cultural
consumption has the most direct effect on the attitude towards
motherhood. body management and economic social status have
direct and indirect effects.
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