بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر مشارکت زنان در کشورهای منتخب خاورمیانه (با استفاده از داده های تابلویی)
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
علی اصغر عباسی اسفجیر
1
,
هدی رضایی روشن
2
1 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی بابل
2 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی بابل
کلید واژه: مشارکت نیروی زن به مرد, نسبت اشتغال زنان, امید به زندگی زنان, جمعیت زنان, رشد تولید ناخالص داخلی سرانه,
چکیده مقاله :
توسعه اقتصادی اساسی‌ترین مقوله مورد بحث جهان است که توجه کشورهای در حال رشد را به خود جلب کرده است. توسعه اقتصادی از آن جهت که مستلزم بروز تغییراتی در جامعه می‌باشد، می‌تواند هم باعث شکوفایی و رشد عمیق و پایدار کشورها شود و هم بی‌توجهی نسبت به پیامدهای آن، می‌تواند منجر به فروپاشی بنیان‌های فرهنگی و اجتماعی کشورها شود. توسعه اقتصادی وابسته به شرکت تمام افراد جامعه اعم از زن و مرد است. بنابراین، توجه به مشارکت نیروی کار زنان از اهمیتی بالا برخوردار است زیرا می‌تواند نقشی مهم را در توسعه اقتصادی جامعه ایفا کند. بدین ترتیب، در این پژوهش عوامل مؤثر بر مشارکت زنان در کشورهای منتخب خاورمیانه مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. یافته‌های پژوهش که براساس الگوی اقتصادسنجی دادگان تابلویی 13 کشور خاورمیانه منتخب در 2014-2005 است، نشان می‌دهند که متغیرهای نسبت اشتغال زنان به جمعیت، امید به زندگی زنان و جمعیت زنان در توضیح تغییرات متغیر نرخ مشارکت نیروی زن به مرد در این کشورها مؤثر است و اثری مثبت و معنی‌دار بر نرخ مشارکت نیروی زن به مرد داشته است، ولی متغیر رشد تولید ناخالص داخلی سرانه در توضیح تغییرات متغیر نرخ مشارکت نیروی زن به مرد در این کشورها اثری منفی و معنی‌دار داشته است.
Economic development that is the most fundamental issue in the world has attracted the attention of developing countries. Economic development requires changes in the society that can also cause deep and lasting growth and prosperity of nations. Economic development depends on the participation of all members of society, both men and women. Thus, the affecting factors on women’s participation have been analyzed among selected countries in the Middle East. The findings based on panel data econometrics in 13 countries of the Middle East from 2005 to 2014 show that the variables of ratio of female employment to population, life expectancy for women in these countries is effective and have a positive and significant effect on ratio of female to male force participation rate. However, per capita GDP growth variable in changes explaining of ratio of female to male force participation rate variables among these countries had a significant and negative effect.
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