بررسی زمینه‌های تغییر و تحوّل در حقوق و جایگاه زنان در آغاز قرن چهاردهم هجری
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
سهیلا رستمی
1
(استادیار، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران)
کلید واژه: انحطاط, جایگاه زنان, حقوق زنان, زمینه‌های تحول, قرن چهاردهم هجری,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تحولات جایگاه زنان در دوره‌های مختلف تاریخی و نیز بیان زمینه‌های تغییر در حقوق و جایگاه آنان در جوامع اسلامی در آغاز قرن چهاردهم هجری است که بر اساس روش تاریخی تحلیلی، از نوع تحلیل محتوا می‌باشد. ظهور دین اسلام سرآغاز تحولاتی عظیم در حقوق و جایگاه زنان بود. زنان در دوران پیامبر(ص) در تمامی عرصه‌های اجتماعی فعالیت و اظهارنظر می‌نمودند؛ اما این دوران عزّت، چندان به‌طول نینجامید و پس از وفات پیامبر(ص) عواملی همچون بازگشت به سنت‌های جاهلی، رواج فساد، آمیزش با فرهنگ‌های بیگانه، رواج اندیشه‌های مردسالارانه، ظهور دیدگاه‌های افراطی، نگاه ابزاری به زنان و بی‌توجهی به آموزش آنان، زمینه‌های انحطاط در جایگاه زنان را در جامعه فراهم نمود و زن ارزش، احترام و جایگاه اجتماعی‌اش را از دست داد. با آغاز قرن چهاردهم هجری عواملی همچون ظهور انقلاب صنعتی و فرانسه، رواج مباحث تجددگرایانه، استعمار و استبداد و مبارزه با آن، ظهور سرمایه‌داری و شهرنشینیِ زنان، پیشرفت‌های بشر در تکنولوژی‌های جدید، احتیاج مبرم به اصلاحات در امپراتوری عثمانی، علاوه بر ایجاد تحولات گسترده در جوامع اسلامی، بار دیگر زمینه‌های تحوّل در حقوق و جایگاه زنان را پس از دورهی رکود فراهم نمودند و سبب ایجاد تغییرات گسترده‌ای در حقوق آنان گردید.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the status of women in different historical periods and the context of changing their rights and positions in Islamic societies at the beginning of the fourteenth century AH, based on analytical historical method. It is a kind of content analysis. The rise of Islam was the beginning of a huge change in the rights and status of women. During the Prophet's time, women were active in all areas of society; But this era of dignity did not endure much, and after the death of the Prophet (PBUH), such factors as the return to the traditions of ignorance, the prevalence of corruption, the intercourse with alien cultures, the propagation of patriarchal thoughts, the emergence of extremist views, the instrumental look of women and the neglect of their education, The grounds for degeneracy were the status of women in society and the woman lost her value and respect and was banned and banned. By the beginning of the fourteenth century, factors such as the emergence of the industrial revolution and France, the proliferation of modernist issues, colonization and tyranny, and the struggle against it, the emergence of capitalism and urbanization of women, Human advances in new technologies, the urgent need for reforms in the Ottoman Empire, in addition to widespread transformation in Islamic societies, Once again, they provided a platform for the evolution of women's rights and status after the period of recession and caused widespread changes in their rights
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