بررسی نقش سرمایه اجتماعی بر مشارکت شهروندان در بازسازی بافت فرسوده شهری (مطالعه موردی شهرهای گرگان و گنبد)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

حسن میرحسینی ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری جامعه‌شناسی اقتصاد و توسعه، واحد بابل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بابل، ایران.)
ابوالقاسم حیدرآبادی ² (استادیار گروه جامعه شناسی، واحد بابل، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، بابل، ایران.)
سیف الله فرزانه ³ (استادیار گروه جامعه‌شناسی، واحد بابل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بابل، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/08/08 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/03/04 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/12/01

کلید واژه: مشارکت شهروندان, سرمایه‌اجتماعی, بافت‌فرسوده,

چکیده مقاله :

بافت فرسوده، مشکلات و مسائل کالبدی، زیست‌محیطی و اجتماعی را در فضای شهری شهرهای گرگان و گنبد به وجود آورده است. مشارکت در بازسازی بافت‌های فرسوده تحت تاثیر عوامل مختلفی است که سرمایه اجتماعی مهم‌ترین پیش نیاز آن است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش سرمایه‌اجتماعی بر مشارکت شهروندان در نوسازی بافت‌فرسوده گرگان-گنبد انجام شده است. چارچوب نظری تحقیق عمدتا مبتنی برنظریات پاتنام؛ کلمن و بوردیو است. روش انجام پژوهش؛ از نظر هدف، کاربردی، از نظر ماهیت، توصیفی همبستگی و از حیث روش‌شناسی، پیمایشی است ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه محقق ساخته است. نمونه‌گیری به روش خوشه‌ای و حجم نمونه382 نفر از ساکنین بافت‌فرسوده می-باشد.
یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد سرمایه‌اجتماعی بر مشارکت ساکنین در پروژه‌های بازسازی تاثیر مثبت داشته است. شاخص اعتماد اجتماعی؛ حس همکاری اجتماعی؛ انسجام اجتماعی و سرمایه اجتماعی درون‌گرا و برون‌گرا که تبدیل به مولفه‌های شناختی و ارتباطی و ساختاری شدند؛ بیشترین تاثیر را بر مشارکت ساکنین در بازسازی بافت فرسوده داشته‌اند.
یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد سرمایه‌اجتماعی بر مشارکت ساکنین در پروژه‌های بازسازی تاثیر مثبت داشته است. شاخص اعتماد اجتماعی؛ حس همکاری اجتماعی؛ انسجام اجتماعی و سرمایه اجتماعی درون‌گرا و برون‌گرا که تبدیل به مولفه‌های شناختی و ارتباطی و ساختاری شدند؛ بیشترین تاثیر را بر مشارکت ساکنین در بازسازی بافت فرسوده داشته‌اند.
یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد سرمایه‌اجتماعی بر مشارکت ساکنین در پروژه‌های بازسازی تاثیر مثبت داشته است. شاخص اعتماد اجتماعی؛ حس همکاری اجتماعی؛ انسجام اجتماعی و سرمایه اجتماعی درون‌گرا و برون‌گرا که تبدیل به مولفه‌های شناختی و ارتباطی و ساختاری شدند؛ بیشترین تاثیر را بر مشارکت ساکنین در بازسازی بافت فرسوده داشته‌اند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The worn texture has created physical, environmental and social problems in the urban space of Gorgan and Gonbad. Participation in the reconstruction of worn-out tissues is influenced by various factors, of which social capital is the most important prerequisite. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of social capital on citizen participation in the renovation of the worn-out Gorgan-Gonbad texture. Theoretical framework of the research is mainly based on Putnam's theories; Coleman and Bourdieu. Research method; In terms of purpose, it is applied, in terms of nature, it is descriptive of correlation and in terms of methodology, it is a survey. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. Cluster sampling and sample size are 382 worn-out tissue residents. Findings show that social capital has a positive effect on residents' participation in renovation projects. Social trust index; Sense of social cooperation; Social cohesion and introverted and extroverted social capital that became cognitive, communicative, and structural components; they had the greatest impact on the participation of residents in the reconstruction of worn-out tissue.
 
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Old textures in most cities over time and due to new developments have lost their past function and are gradually disappearing and today are considered as the biggest problem and insecurity in cities. One of the tools of planning in the new world is to pay attention to the active and effective participation of people in society in all different dimensions of development. Participation seems to be a complex phenomenon that depends on a large number of social capital variables.
 Considering the physical size and large population in Golestan province, it is very important to pay attention to the situation of urban areas for better urban development planning. However, in the country, little effort has been made to study this issue from a sociological perspective in Golestan province and the cities of Gorgan and Gonbad. Based on this, it can be stated that social capital and its dimensions are effective on the level of social participation of urban actors in the reconstruction of worn-out tissue in Gorgan and Gonbad?
 
Methodology
This paper uses the survey method in a quantitative methodological framework. The statistical population of the research is the scope of generalization of research results and findings, which includes all residents and owners of dilapidated urban fabric and around Gorgan and Gonbad to the number of 21456 thousand people. The unit of analysis is people over the age of 18 who are able to answer questions. The number of men is 11104 and the number of women is 10352. The sample size was estimated to be 382 using the Cochran's formula and an accuracy level of 0.055. Sampling method is a multi-stage cluster random method.
 
Results and discussion
Findings show that social capital has a positive effect on residents' participation in renovation projects. Social trust index; Sense of social cooperation; Social cohesion and introverted and extroverted social capital that became cognitive, communicative, and structural components; they had the greatest impact on the participation of residents in the reconstruction of worn-out tissue.
Conclusion
The role of social capital in the renovation of dilapidated urban fabric is influenced by the recent perspective of urban development, which attaches great importance to people's participation in the renovation process. Undoubtedly, more attention of the managers of worn-out tissue renovation projects in Gorgan and Gonbad to social capital and strengthening the potential funds and relying on the actual funds of these capitals can give a participatory direction to the renovation program and thus facilitate ; Provide better acceleration and advancement of projects. Institutionalization and support of non-governmental organizations Importance to neighborhood councils, advisory working groups; fulfilling the promise of the officials and fulfilling the promised obligations are other things that are effective in the success of the worn-out tissue renovation program in Gorgan and Gonbad.
 

منابع و مأخذ:

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