ارزیابی اثرات نفوذ پساب تصفیه‌خانه شهر بروجن بر کیفیت منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت بروجن-فرادنبه

محورهای موضوعی : Business Administration and Entrepreneurship

علی طالبی ¹ (استاد گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران)
مجید کریمی ² (دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد آبخیزداری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران)
محمدتقی قانعیان ³ (استاد گروه بهداشت محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، یزد، ایران)
ابراهیم عسگری ⁴ (دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیز، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/06/18 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/08/24 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/08/01

کلید واژه: پساب, نمودار شولر, منابع آب زیرزمینی, مؤلفه‌های شیمیایی, دشت بروجن-فرادنبه,

چکیده مقاله :

چکیده مقدمه: با توجه به کمبود بارندگی و بیلان منفی سفره‎های آب زیرزمینی در سال‎های اخیر استفاده از منابع آب نامتعارف مثل پساب‌ها و فاضلاب‌ها برای تغذیه مصنوعی یکی از روش‎های مهم مقابله با افت سطح سفره‎ های آب زیرزمینی می ‎باشد. در دشت بروجن-فرادنبه نیز به‌منظور کاهش اثرات خشکسالی بر روی منابع آب زیرزمینی، اقدام به تغذیه مصنوعی آبخوان این دشت با استفاده از پساب تصفیه‌خانه شهر بروجن شده است. لذا پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیرات نفوذ پساب تصفیه‎ خانه شهر بروجن بر کیفیت منابع آب زیرزمینی این دشت، انجام گرفت. روش­: به‌ منظور بررسی کیفیت پساب و تأثیر آن بر آب پایین‌دست تصفیه‌خانه، از تعداد 15 چاه‌های آب در پایین‌دست و بالادست نمونه‌برداری شد. نمونه‌ها بلافاصله به آزمایشگاه منتقل و آنالیزهایی شامل غلظت عناصر منیزیم، کلسیم، پتاسیم، لیتیم، سدیم، گوگرد، اسکاندیم، سیلسیم، استرانسیم، باریم، کروم و وانادیم بر روی نمونه‌ها انجام شد. یافته ­ها: نتایج نشان داد که به جز عناصر کلسیم، پتاسیم و کروم که بین نمونه‌های آب برداشت شده از بالادست و پایین‌دست تصفیه‌خانه از لحاظ آماری تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود نداشت (sig>0.05) اما مقدار سایر عناصر در بین چاه‌های بالادست و پایین‌دست تصفیه‌خانه دارای تفاوت معنی‌داری بودند (sig<0.05). ولی همین مقدار نیز در محدوده استانداردهای تعیین‌شده قرار دارد. هم‌چنین نقشه‌های درون‌یابی شده با روش IDW مربوط به این عناصر نیز نشان‌دهنده همین موضوع بود که بخش‌های شمالی و شمال‌غربی دشت (پایین‌دست تصفیه‌خانه شهر بروجن) دارای پهنه‌هایی با غلظت بالای این عناصر هستند. نتیجه­ گیری: مقدار کیفیت آب در بخش‌های شمالی دشت پایین‌تر از بخش‌های جنوبی و بالادست دشت بروجن-فرادنبه است. عوامل مختلفی مثل: ورود پساب از تصفیه‌خانه بروجن، وجود سازنده‌هایی همانند سازندهای آهکی یا وجود سنگ‌های کنگلومرا و ماسه‌سنگ،  وجود کانی‌هایی مثل: فلدسپات‌ها، میکاها، کانی‌های رسی، کانی‌های تبخیری (همانند سیلویت، هالیت)، کودهای پتاسیک؛ می‌تواند از دلایل بیش‌تر بودن برخی از عناصر مثل منیزیم و کلسیم در بخش‌های شمالی دشت باشد. با توجه به این موارد کیفیت آب در بخش‌های شمالی پایین‌تر از بخش‌های جنوبی دشت است و مناطق شمالی دشت پتانسیل لازم برای آلودگی را داشته و آسیب‌پذیری آن‌ها نیز نسبت به آلودگی‌ها بیش‌تر است. لذا پایش مداوم و کنترل پساب خروجی تصفیه‌خانه شهر بروجن برای پیشگیری از وقوع برخی مشکلات محیط زیستی مثل بروز بیماری‌های گیاهی و جانوری ناشی از فاضلاب در برنامه‌‌های استفاده از این پساب‌ها در بخش‌های مختلف باید مد نظر قرار گیرد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Abstract Introduction: Due to the lack of rainfall and the negative balance of groundwater aquifers in recent years, the use of unconventional water sources such as effluents and sewage for artificial feeding is one of the important methods to deal with decline in groundwater aquifers. In the Borujen-Faradonbeh plain, in order to reduce the effects of drought on groundwater resources, the aquifer of this plain has been artificially fed using the effluent of the Borujen treatment plant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the effluent of Borujen water treatment plant on the quality of groundwater resources in this plain. Methods: To investigate the quality of effluent and its effect on the downstream water of the treatment plant, water wells downstream and upstream were sampled. The samples were immediately transferred to the laboratory and analyzes including the concentrations of Mg, Ca, K Li, Na, S, St, Si, Sc, V, Ba, Cr and V were performed on the samples. Findings: The results showed that except for calcium, potassium and chromium elements which were not statistically significant differences between the water samples taken from the upstream and downstream of the treatment plant (sig> 0.05) but the number of other elements differed between the upstream and downstream wells of the treatment plant. Were significant (sig <0.05). But the same amount is within the set standards. Also, IDW maps related to these elements showed that the northern and northwestern parts of the plain (downstream of the Borujen city treatment plant) have areas with high concentrations of these elements.

منابع و مأخذ:

1.       Xia, J., and Zhang, Y. 2008. Water security in north China and countermeasure to climate change and human activity. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 33(5): 359-363.

2.       Healy, RW., and Scanlon, BR. 2010. Estimating groundwater recharge. Cambridge University Press, 256 p.

3.       Mahdavi, M. 2013. Applied hydrology, 2nd., University of Tehran Press, Eighth edition, 437 p. (In Persian).

4.       Nadiri, AA., Sadeghfam, S., Gharekhani, M., Khatibi, R., and Akbari, E. 2018. Introducing the risk aggregation problem to aquifers exposed to impacts of anthropogenic and geogenic origins on a modular basis using risk cells. Journal of Environmental Management. 217: 654-667.

5.       SolaimaniSardo, M., Vali, A., Ghazavi, R., and SaidiGoraghani, H. 2013. Trend analysis of chemical water quality parameters; Case study Cham Anjir River. Irrigation and Water Engineering. 3(4): 95-105. (In Persian)

6.       Rahmati, M., Moradi, H., and Omidipour, R. 2015. Evaluation of spatial and temporal variation ground water level in Kermanshah plain. Irrigation and Water Engineering. 5(2):1-16. (In Persian).

7.       JanardhanaRaju, N. 2007. Hydrogeochemical parameters for groundwater quality in the upper Gunjanaeru River basin, Cuddapah District, Andhra paradesh, South India. Environmental Geology, 52: 1067-1074.

8.       Komasi, M., and Sharghi, S. 2019. Recognizing factors affecting decline in groundwater level using waveletentropy measure (Case study: Silakhor plain aquifer). Journal of Hydroinformatics, 21(3): 510-522.

9.       Chitsazan, M., Eilbeigy, M., and MohammadRezapourTabari, M. 2018. Evaluation of Groundwater Nitrate Pollution Based on Main Components and Factor Analysis (Case Study: Karaj Plain Aquifer). Iranian journal of Ecohydrology, 5(4): 1119-1133. (In Persian).

10.   Talebi, A., Elmi, M., RajabiMohammadi, F., and Parvizi, S. 2019. Trend investigation of water quality variations in Zayande-Roud River ruring dry and wet years. Environment and Water Engineering, 4(4): 310-320. (In Persian).

11.   Khalaj, M., Kholghi, M., Saghafian, B., Bazrafshan, J. 2019. Investigation about climate change and human activity effects on groundwater level and groundwater quality in semiarid region. Iran-Water Resources Research. 15(2): 278-290. (In Persian).

12.   Kalantari, NO., Sheikhzadeh, A., and Mohammadi, H. 2021. Investigation of groundwater quality in Gotvand Aquifer with emphasis on Nitrate concentration. Iran-Water Resources Research, 17(1): 228-238. (In Persian).

13.   Sajil, KPJ., Jegathambal, P., and James, EJ. 2014. Chemometric evaluation of nitrate contamination in the groundwater of a hard rock area in Dharapuram, South India. Applied Water Science, 4: 397-405.

14.   Khader, A., and McKee, M. 2014. Use of a relevance vector machine for groundwater quality monitoring network design under uncertainty. Environmental Modelling & Software. 57: 115-126.

15.   Simeonov, V., Stratis, JA., Samara, C., Zachariadis, G., Voutsa, D., and Anthemidis, A. 2003. Assessment of the surface water quality in Northern Greece. Water Research. 37: 4119-4124.

16.   Tabatabaeifar, M., Zehtabian, G., Rahimi, M., Khosravi, H., and Nikoo, S. 2014. Investigation of temporal and spatial variation of groundwater quality and quantity in Garmsar Plain. Desert Ecosystem Engineering Journal, 3(4): 91-102. (In Persian)

17.   Hassani, A., Setareh, P., Javid, A., and Zinatizadeh, A. 2020. Application Software Aq.QA the Quality of Chemical Characterization of Groundwater Resources (Case study Sonqor, Kermanshah). Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 22(2): 117-126. (In Persian).

18.   Vesali, SA., Rostampour, M., and Behzadi, M. 2009. Importance and application of wastewater in water crisis management, First International Water Crisis Conference, Zabul, 10-12 March 2009, 1-11. (In Persian).

19.   HosseinnejadMir, A., Maleki, A., and AlinejadianBidabadi, A. 2018. Effect of different levels of irrigation with treated urban wastewater on soil chemical elements accumulation, Water and Irrigation Management, 8(2): 253-265. (In Persian).

20.   Bole, JB., Carefoot, JM., Chang, C., and Oosterveld, M. 1981. Effect of wastewater irrigation and leaching percentage on soil and ground water chemistry, Environmental Quality, 10(2): 177-183.

21.   Khanzadeh, S. 2016. Estimation and evaluation of heavy metal pollution (Zinc and Copper) in groundwater of Meshkinshahr plain, M.Sc. Theses, Islamic Azad University of Ardabil. 2016; 121 p. (In Persian).

22.   Heidari, A. 2018. Water resources management and sewage recycling, solutions for domestic water supply in arid areas, Case study: Mashhad City, Water and Wastewater Science and Engineering. 3(4): 49-64. (In Persian).

23.   HajianNezhad, M., and Rahsepar, AR. 2010. Investigation of the effect of runoff and wastewater of wastewater treatment plant on water quality parameters of Zayandehrood river. Health System Research. 6: 821-828. (In Persian).

24.   Lalehzari, R., Tabatabaei, S., Khayat-kholghi, M., Yarali, N., and Saba, A. 2014. Evaluation of scenarios in artificial recharge with treated wastewater on the quantity and quality of the Shahrekord Aquifer. Journal of Environmental Studies. 40(1): 221-236.

25.   Rahmani, HR. 2017. Effects of industrial effluents on soil and groundwater quality (A case study of Isfahan Steel Complex). Land Management Journal. 5(2): 152-164. (In Persian).

26.   Alizadeh, H., Liaghat, A., and SohrabiMolayouef, T. 2017. Simulating effects of long-term use of wastewater on farmers health using system dynamics modeling (Case study: Varamin Plain). Water and Soil, 31(1): 127-143. (In Persian).

27.   Rezaee, H., and Sadat, S. 2019. Wastewater reuse in agriculture: Opportunities, Challenges, and Solutions. Land Management Journal, 6(2): 213-231. (In Persian).

28.   ZareiMahmoodabadi, T., SalehiVaziri, A., and Talebi, P. 2018. Feasibility study of reuse of advanced SBR biological process effluent for artificial groundwater recharge (Case study: Yazd Wastewater Treatment Plant). 7th National Conference on Water Resources Management of Iran, 25-26 April 2018, 1-8. (In Persian).

29.   Asano, T., and Cotruvo, JA. 2004. Groundwater recharge with reclaimed municipal wastewater: health and regulatory considerations. Water Research. 38(8): 1941-1951.

30.   Wang, S., Tang, C., Song, X., Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., and Yuan R. 2014. The impacts of a linear wastewater reservoir on groundwater recharge and geochemical evolution in a semi-arid area of the Lake Baiyangdian watershed, North China Plain. Science of The Total Environment. 482-483: 325-335.

31.   Clemens, M., Khurelbaatar, G., Merz, R., Siebert, C., vanAfferden, M., and Rödiger, T. 2019. Groundwater protection under water scarcity; from regional risk assessment to local wastewater treatment solutions in Jordan. Science of The Total Environment, 1-37.

32.   Jain, R., Thakur, A., Garg, N., and Devi, P. 2021. Impact of industrial effluents on groundwater. Groundwater Geochemistry. 193-211.

33.   Khan, M., ul, H., Shakeel, M., Ahsan, N., Ahmed, S., and Khan, NA. 2021. Groundwater contamination and health risk posed by industrial effluent in NCR region, Materials Today: Proceedings. 124723(1): 1-13.

34.   Site of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Meteorological Administration. 2022. (http://www.chbmet.ir/br.asp).

35.   Site of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Regional Water Authority. 2022. (http://www.cbrw.ir/).

36.   Karimi M. 2021. Effects of infiltration effluent on Borujen wastewater treatment plant on quantity and quality of groundwater resources in Borujen-Faradonbeh plain, M.Sc. Thesis in Natural Resources Engineering - Watershed Management, Yazd University. 85 p. (In Persian)

37.   Iranian National Standardization Organization. 2013a. Water quality- Determination of sulfate ion in water, 1st. Revision, 1-12. (In Persian).

38.   ASTM D 516. 2011. Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water.

39.   Iranian National Standardization Organization. 2013b. Water quality- Determination of chloride ion in water, 1st.Revision, 1-23. (In Persian).

40.   ASTM D 512. 2012. Standard Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water, 4p.

41.   Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. 2006. Water quality - Determination of the sum of calcium and mangnesium - EDTA titrimetric method, 1st. Edition. 1-17. (In Persian).

42.   ISO 6059. 1984. Water quality-Determination of the sum of Calcium and Magnesium – EDTA titrimetric method.

43.   Farshad, AA., and ImanDel, KO. 2002. Nitrate and nitrite content in wells of industrial units in the west of Tehran. School of Health and Institute of Health Research. 1(2): 33-44. (In Persian).

44.   AduAgyemang, AB., 2017. Vulnerability assessment of groundwater to NO3 contamination using GIS, DRASTIC model and geostatistical analysis. Electronic Theses and Dissertations, Paper 3264, 99p.

45.   Afzali, A., Shahedi, K., Roshan, MHN., Solaimani, K., and Vahabzadeh, G. 2014. Groundwater quality assessment in Haraz Alluvial fan, Iran. International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences, 2: 346.

46.   Wilcox, LV. 1948. Classification and use of irrigation waters. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington DC, 962p.

47.   Rakotondrabe, F., Ngoupayou, J., Mfonka, Z., Rasolomanana, E., NyangonoAbolo, A., Asone, B., AkoAko, A., and Rakotondrabe, M. 2017. Assessment of surface water quality of Bétaré-Oya Gold Mining Area (East-Cameroon). Journal of Water Resource and Protection. 9: 960-984.

48.   Habibpour, K., Safari, R. 2015. Comprehensive guide to the use of SPSS in survey research. Looyeh Press. Sixth edition, 866 p. (In Persian).

49.   Office of Deputy for Strategic Supervision Department of Technical Affairs. 2013. Instruction for ground water quality monitoring (No.620). 108 p. (In Persian).

50.   Asgari, E., Talebi, A., Tahmasebi, A. 2018. Evaluation of groundwater quality in Tabriz plain in terms of drinking and agriculture. Third National Conference on Semi-Arid Hydrology. 23-24 April, 1-11. (In Persian).

51.   Asgari, E., Hosseini, SZ., and Mostafazadeh, R. 2020. Determination of the relationship and spatial variations of discharge and suspended sediment values in watersheds of Ardabil Province. Geography and Development, 18(61): 143-176. (In Persian).

52.   Geological Survey of Iran (GSI). 2005. Geological map of Borujen 1:100000 series, (No. 6253), (In Persian).

53.   W.H.O. 2006. Guidelines of drinking water quality? First edition to the 3rd pp.

54.   Faith, KA., Heather, EG., Kyle, RE., Brittany, A., Tamie, LV., Miller, M., Shannon, J., Hayden, KR., Watson, JE., and Elliott, HA. 2019. Fate of pharmaceuticals in a spray-irrigation system: From wastewater to groundwater. Science of The Total Environment. 654: 197-208.

55.   Ahmadi, M., and Behzadi, S. 2016. The Process of Evaluating Magnesium Changes Using Neural Network and Geospatial Information System In the villages of Gonbad city (Golestan province). Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR). 25(99): 29-42. (In Persian).

56.   Afroozi, M., and Mohammadzadeh, H. 2013. Evaluation of Brujen-Faradonbeh aquifer vulnerability using DRASTIC method on the basis of nitrate. Iranian Water Researches Journal. 7(1): 219-224. (In Persian).

57.   Esfandiari, F., GhorbaniFilabadi, R., NasiriKhiavi, A., and Mostafazadeh, R. 2019. Assessing the accuracy of algebraic and geostatistical techniques to determine the spatial variations of groundwater quality in Boroojen Plain. Journal of Natural Environmental Hazards, 8(20): 115-130. (In Persian).

58.   Vice Presidency for Strategic Planning and Supervision. Environmental Criteria of Treated Waste Water and Return Flow Reuse (No. 535). 2010. 135 p. (In Persian).

59.   JafarzadehHaghighi, NO. 1996. The effect of Shiraz wastewater on irrigation of agricultural products on increasing the concentration of heavy metals in soil and some agricultural products. Second National Congress of Water and Soil Issues. 303-310. (In Persian).

60.   Kalbasi, M., and Mousavi, SF. 2000. Drainage quality changes of important drains discharged into the Zayandeh River and their effect on this river in a one-year period. Journal of Water and Soil Science. 4(3); 13-27. (In Persian).

61.   Karimi, M., Ghatmiri, SH., Sajadi, E., and Ghasempour, M. 2010. Environmental effects of heavy metal elements in the effluent of Shiraz refinery on the soil of the region, Fifth National Conference on Geology and Environment, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch, 5 October 2010, 1-7. (In Persian).

62.   Farjood, MS., and Amin, S. 2001. Ground water contamination by heavy metals in agricultural, Water resources of the Shiraz Area, ICID International Workshop on Wastewater Management, Sep. 19-20, Korea.

63.   EshaghiChaleshtori, M. 2014. The effect of effluent on groundwater quality and soil properties (case study: Sefiddasht_ Faradonbeh plain), M.Sc. thesis in Soil Physics and Conservation. Shahrekord University, 125 p. (In Persian).

64.   Yazdani, Zh. 2018. Investigation of toxic elements pollution from urban industrial wastewater of Urmia on groundwater. Master Thesis in Geology. Lorestan University, 114 p. (In Persian).

ShabanianBorujeni, S., and Nakhaei, M. 2016. Investigation of drought in groundwater resources of Borujen-Faradonbeh plain aquifer, The Second Scientific-Research Congress on the Development and Promotion of Agricultural Sciences, Natural Resources and Environment of Iran, 5 January 2016, 1-10. (In Persian)