بررسی حساسیت گیاهان مختلف نسبت به جدایه‌های Rhizoctonia solani در استان کرمان

محورهای موضوعی : دو فصلنامه تحقیقات بیماریهای گیاهی

سعید ملایی ¹ (دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران)
حسین علایی ² (استادیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران)
سید باقر محمودی ³ (استادیار موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، کرج، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1393/06/04 تاریخ پذیرش : 1393/06/04 تاریخ انتشار : 1393/03/01

کلید واژه: Rhizoctonia solani, تناوب زراعی, بیماریزایی, شاخص آلودگی,

چکیده مقاله :

در این پژوهش حساسیت گیاهان زراعی مختلف نسبت به جدایه‌های ریزوکتونیا به منظور به کارگیری در یک تناوب موفق در استان کرمان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. شدت آلودگی به بیمارگر با استفاده از مقیاس نمره‌دهی 0 تا 5 در شرایط درون شیشه ای و 1 تا 9 در شرایط گلخانه مبنای مقایسه حساسیت میزبان‌ها قرار گرفت. نتایج شدت آلودگی میزبان‌‌ها نشان داد که ذرت و گندم به ترتیب با 66/1 و 58/0 در شرایط آزمایشگاه و 46/1 و63/2 در شرایط گلخانه دارای کمترین میزان حساسیت بودند. چغندرقند و گلرنگ با متوسط شدت آلودگی 52/3 و 40/3 در آزمایشگاه و گوجه فرنگی و خربزه با متوسط شدت آلودگی 22 /7 و 37/6 در شرایط گلخانه بیشترین حساسیت را به گروه‌های آناستوموزی دو، سه و چهار  نشان دادند. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که گروه آناستوموزی چهار دارای بالاترین شاخص آلودگی و گروه آناستوموزی سه دارای کمترین میزان در هر دو شرایط درون شیشه ای و گلخانه بود. شاخص آلودگی در بین جدایه‌های با گروه آناستوموزی یکسان و همچنین بین جدایه‌های باگروه آناستوموزی مختلف متفاوت بود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In this study, sensitivity of different field crops to isolates of Rhizoctonia solani was studied in order to apply more successful crop rotation program in Kerman Province. Disease severity indices (DSI) were measured by grading scales of 0-5 in vitro and 1-9 in vivo conditions which were regarded as the basis of host susceptibility. The results of disease severity evaluations showed that maize and wheat with DSI of 1.66 and 0.58 in laboratory condition and 1.46 and 2.63 in greenhouse had the minimum sensitivities respectively. Sugar beet and safflower with severity indices 3/52 and 3/40 in laboratory condition and tomato and melon with 7/22 and 6/37 in greenhouse conditions were the most susceptible species to anastomosis groups 2, 3 and 4. Our results show that anastomosis group 4 had the highest while anastomosis group 3 had the lowest disease severity indices under the two conditions of laboratory and greenhouse. Disease severity indices were different among isolates belonging to same anastomosis groups, and within different anastomosis groups.

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