بازدارندگی اسانس و عصاره اتانولی پونه‌آبی (Mentha aquatica) بر چند گونه قارچ بیماری‌زای گیاهی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

محورهای موضوعی : دو فصلنامه تحقیقات بیماریهای گیاهی

فاطمه نخعی ¹ (استادیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/11/12 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/11/12 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/03/01

کلید واژه: انتشار در محیط کشت, تدخینی, تقطیر با بخار,

چکیده مقاله :

اخیراً به دلیل بروز مقاومت در عوامل بیماری­زا به آفتکش­های شیمیایی، استفاده از اسانس­ و عصاره­های گیاهی برای مبارزه با آلودگی­های قارچی از اهمیت زیادی برخوردارشده است. اسانس­ها مواد ضد قارچی جدیدی هستند که تجدید شونده و سازگار با محیط زیست می­باشند. در این تحقیق اسانس گیاه پونه­آبی به روش تقطیر با بخار و عصاره قسمت­های هوایی گیاه با حلال اتانول استخراج گردید واثر بازدارندگی غلظت­های 0، 100، 200 و 300 پی­پی­ام در ظروف پتری 9 سانتی­متری، به روش­های تدخینی و تماسی در مورد اسانس و روش انتشار عصاره در محیط کشت، بر رشد قارچ­های Botrytis cinerea، Fusarium oxysporum، Rhizoctonia solani و Phytophthora capsiciبه­صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی بررسی گردید. قارچ­ها حساسیت متفاوتی به اسانس و عصاره پونه آبی نشان دادند. هیچکدام از غلظت­های اسانس و عصاره پونه­آبی اثر بازدارنده معنی­داری بر رشد F. oxysporumنداشتند اما همه غلظت­های اسانس و عصاره پونه­آبی بطور معنی­داری درصد بازدارندگی رشد قارچ­های R. solani ، B. cinerea و P. capsici را افزایش دادند و با افزایش غلظت درصد بازدارندگی افزایش معنی­دار یافت. بیشترین درصد بازدارندگی مربوط به غلظت­های 200 و 300 پی­پی­ام در قارچ R. solani (06/91% و 77/97% به ترتیب) و غلظت 300 پی­پی­ام در قارچ P. capsici (89/91%) بود. پس اسانس و عصاره پونه­آبی می­تواند بعنوان قارچ­کش طبیعی جهت کنترل قارچ­ها­ی بیماری­زا مورد توجه باشد.
 

چکیده انگلیسی:

In recent years studies on the use of plant essential oils and extracts against pathogenic fungi have attracted much attention because of rising resistance against a large number of chemical pesticides. Essential oils are antifungal materials which are renewable and compatible with environment. In this study, essential oil and ethanol extracts of watermint (Mentha aquatica) were obtained from aerial parts using distillation and ethanol solvent methods, respectively. The inhibitory effect of different concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm / 9 cm Petri dish) of watermint essential oilswith fumigation and contact methods and their extracts on mycelium growth of Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora capsici were investigated in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design. Fungi showed different sensitivity to watermint essential oils and extract. None of watermint concentrations of essential oils and extract had any inhibitory effect on growth of F. oxysporum but all concentrations inhibited the growth of B. cinerea, R. solani and P. capsici significantly. Increase in concentration enhanced the inhibitory effect significantly. The highest percentage of inhibition was related to concentrations 200 ppm and 300 ppm in R. solani (%91.06 and %97.77 respectively) and also concentration 300 ppm in P. capsici (%91.89). Therefore, watermint essential oils and extract can be considered as natural fungicide for control of pathogenic fungi.
 

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