بررسی امکان استفاده از برخی سویه‌های سودوموناس فلورسنت جدا شده از فراریشه پسته در کنترل Phytophthora drechsleri عامل بیماری پوسیدگی طوقه و ریشه پسته

محورهای موضوعی : دو فصلنامه تحقیقات بیماریهای گیاهی

صغری درودی ¹ , حسین علایی ² , روح اله صابری ریسه ³ , امیر حسین محمدی ⁴ , محمد گرجی ⁵

1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج)رفسنجان
2 - استادیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج)رفسنجان
3 - استادیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج)رفسنجان
4 - استادیار پژوهش گروه گیاهپزشکی، موسسسه تحقیقات پسته کشور
5 - مربی مدیریت حفظ نباتات، جهادکشاورزی شهرستان انار

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/05/06 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/05/06 تاریخ انتشار : 1394/09/01

کلید واژه: پسته, بیوکنترل, سودوموناس, فیتوفتورا, ترکیبات ضدقارچی,

چکیده مقاله :

پوسیدگی طوقه و ریشه (انگومک) ازجمله بیماری­های مهم درختان پسته درایران است که روش­های مختلفی از جمله کنترل بیولوژیک برای مدیریت بیماری پیشنهاد شده است. سودوموناد­های فلورسنت با توانایی تولید طیف وسیعی از متابولیت­های ثانویه مانند آنتی­بیوتیک­های مختلف و مواد تنظیم کننده رشد، از مهم­ترین باکتری­های خاکزی موثر در کنترل بیولوژیک بیماری­های گیاهی هستند. در این تحقیق اثر آنتاگونیستی سودوموناد­های فلورسنت جدا شده از فراریشه درختان سالم و آلوده به گموز پسته برای بیوکنترل Phytophthora drechsleriمورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به همین منظور تعداد 75 جدایه باکتری سودوموناس با توجه به خصوصیت ایجاد نور فلورسنت در محیط KingB جداسازی شدند. از این تعداد، در غربالگری اولیه بر اساس آزمون کشت متقابل روی محیط کشت PDA، هفت جدایه (R41, A16, A17, R14, A41, B21, B13,)، هاله بازدارندگی از رشد میسلیومی بیمارگر P.drechsleri ایجاد کردند. بیشترین هاله بازدارندگی توسط جدایه­هایR41  (≥15 mm) وA16  (≥5 mm) ایجاد شد که برای کنترل بیماری در آزمون­های گلخانه­ای انتخاب شدند. جدایه­های انتخاب شده در شرایط گلخانه روی نهال­های پسته رقم بادامی ریز زرند مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج مطالعات گلخانه­ای نشان داد که جدایه R41، وزن خشک ریشه را به­طور معنی­داری افزایش داد و بیشترین تاثیر در کاهش شدت بیماری داشت.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Phytophthora crown and root rot (Gummosis) is one of the most important diseases of pistachio trees in Iran for management of which various methods such as biocontrol have been recommended. Fluorescent Pseudomonads with the ability of producing a wide range of secondary metabolites such as different antibiotics and plant growth regulatory materials are among the most effective soil borne bacteria in biological control of plant diseases. Antagonistic fluorescent Pseudomonads were isolated from rhizosphere of infected (Gummosis) and healthy pistachio trees and their ability to control Phytophthora dreschleri was evaluated. A total of 75 Pseudomonas isolates emitting fluorescence in King B medium were obtained. In preliminary in vitro screening, seven isolates (R41, A16, A17, R14, A41, B21 and B13) showed inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of P. drechsleri based on bilateral culture test in PDA medium. The most inhibitory effect were obtained by R41 (≥15mm) and A16 (≥5mm) isolates which were selected for greenhouse tests on pistachio seedlings. The results of the greenhouse studies showed that R41 isolate exhibited greatest ability to reduce the disease severity.
 

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