استفاده از قارچ نماتد خوار Arthrobotrys oligospora و القاء کننده اسید سالیسیلیک جهت کنترل نماتد مولد گره ریشه Meloidogyne javanica و مطالعه برخی پاسخ‌های دفاعی گیاه

محورهای موضوعی : دو فصلنامه تحقیقات بیماریهای گیاهی

حدیث مصطفی نژاد ¹ , نوازاله صاحبانی ² , شاهین نوری نژاد زرقانی ³

1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران
2 - دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران
3 - استادیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/03/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/03/20 تاریخ انتشار : 1392/05/01

کلید واژه: ترکیبات فنلی, پراکسیداز, Meloidogyne javanica, Arthrobotrys oligospora, اسید سالیسیلیک, کنترل, پلی‌فنل اکسیداز,

چکیده مقاله :

در این پژوهش توانایی قارچ شکارگر Arthrobotrys oligosporaو القاء کننده اسید سالیسیلیک در کنترل نماتد گره ریشه Meloidogyne javanicaروی گوجه­فرنگی در شرایط آزمایشگاه و گلخانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. هم­چنین تغییرات آنزیم‌های پلی‌فنل اکسیدازوپراکسیداز و نیز میزان تجمع ترکیبات فنلی در اثر تیمارهای مختلف مطالعه گردید. غلظت پنج میلی مولار اسید سالیسیلیک به صورت اسپری هوایی و غلظت 10⁶ اسپور قارچ در میلی‌لیتر به روش خیساندن خاک،به صورت جداگانه و توأم در مرحله شش برگی گیاه گوجه­فرنگی در گلخانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پنجاه روز پس از مایه­زنی، قطر گال‌ها، تعداد گال و توده تخم در هر گیاه، تعداد تخم موجود در هر توده تخم، وزن تر ریشه و اندام‌های هوایی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. آزمایشات در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از قارچ
A. oligospora و اسید سالیسیلیک هر یک به تنهایی در کنترل نماتد M. javanicaمؤثرند، هر چند که استفاده تلفیقی از این عوامل به مراتب مؤثرتر از کاربرد هر یک به صورت جداگانه می­باشد. هم­چنین بررسی تغییرات فعالیت آنزیم‌های پلی‌فنل اکسیدازوپراکسیداز و نیز میزان تجمع ترکیبات فنلی در تیمارهای مورد بررسی بیانگر افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‌های مذکور و نیز تجمع ترکیبات فنلی در ریشه گیاه بود که خود نشان دهنده تحریک سیستم دفاعی گیاه می‌باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In this study, the ability of nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora and
salicylic acid (SA) were examined to control root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, in
the laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Also changes of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and
peroxidase (POX) enzymes and total phenolic compounds accumulation in different
treatments were studied. In greenhouse studies, we used leaf spraying of SA (5 mM) and soil
drenching of A. oligospora (106 spore/ml) at six-leaf stage of the plants, separately and in
combination. After 50 days of inoculation, diameter of the galls, number of galls and number
of egg masses per individual plant, number of eggs per individual egg mass, root and foliage
fresh weights were recorded. The data were analyzed in completely randomized design and
subjected to analysis of Duncan’s multiple range test (p60.05). The results showed that
combined application of A. oligospora and SA were more effective compared to individual
application of them. Study of changes in PPO, POX enzymes activities and total phenolic
compounds accumulation showed that treatment with these factors caused increase in enzyme
activities and also accumulation of total phenolics which shows induction of plant defense
system.

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