بررسی اثر سالیسیلیک اسید بر روی عملکرد و علائم آلودگی قارچ رایزوکتونیا سولانی در غده‌های سیب زمینی

محورهای موضوعی : دو فصلنامه تحقیقات بیماریهای گیاهی

محمد رضا هادی ¹ (استادیار، گروه زیست شناسی علوم گیاهی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/05/06 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/05/06 تاریخ انتشار : 1394/09/01

کلید واژه: عملکرد, سیب زمینی, اسکلروت, Rizoctonia solani, کلروفیل, کاروتنوئید,

چکیده مقاله :

در این تحقیق اثر سالیسیلیک اسید بر روی تعداد، وزن غده‌های سیب زمینی و علائم آلودگی قارچ Rhizoctonia solani (وجود اسکلروت بر روی غده) و همچنین اثر این هورمون بر روی میزان کلروفیل و کاروتنوئید برگ گیاهان سیب زمینی آلوده به این قارچ در شرایط گلخانه‌ای بررسی گردید. ریز غده های سیب زمینی که عاری از عوامل بیماریزا بودند به گلدان منتقل گردیدند. دو هفته قبل از کاشت، خاک گلدان‌ها مطابق طرح فاکتوریل (فاکتور اول، تیمار قارچ در دو سطح:
1- آلوده کردن گیاهان به قارچ 2- آلوده نکردن گیاهان به قارچ و فاکتور دوم، تیمار اسید‌سالیسیلیک در چهار سطح یا غلظت در 20 تکرار (هر گلدان یک تکرار) به طور کاملاً تصادفی به وسیله قارچ رایزوکتونیا آلوده گردید. گیاهچه‌ها (7 الی 8 برگی) با غلظت‌های صفر 0 (شاهد)، 2/0، 5/0 و 1 میلی مولار سالیسیلیک اسید هر هفته مجموعا 4 مرتبه مورد تیمار قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار سالسیلیک اسید با غلظت5/0 میلی مولار باعث کاهش شدت علائم آلودگی در ریز غده های سیب زمینی گردید. همچنین عملکرد (تعداد و وزن ریز‌غده‌های سیب‌زمینی) با کاربرد سالیسیلیک اسید با غلظت5/0 میلی مولار افزایش یافت. میزان کلروفیل کل (a+b) در گیاهان سیب‌زمینی سالم نسبت به گیاهان آلوده به قارچ به طور معنی‌داری بیشتر بود، در صورتی که میزان کاروتنوئید در گیاهان آلوده به طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از گیاهان سالم بود. با افزایش غلظت اسید سالیسیلیک، میزان کلروفیل و کاروتنوئید در گیاهان سیب زمینی آلوده و سالم افزایش یافت.

چکیده انگلیسی:

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of salicylic acid on the weight and number of potato mini-tubers and symptoms of Rhizoctonia solani in the potato mini-tubers (tuber sclerotia) and also on the total chlorophyll (a+b) and carotenoid contents in the leaves of potato plants under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with factorial arrangement and 20 replicates. The potato mini-tubers (without any infection) were planted in pots containing pasteurized soil. The soil in half of the pots was inoculated with R. solani two weeks before planting. The 4 weeks-old plants (7-8 leaves) were treated by spraying the foliage with 0 (control), 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mM salicylic acid weekly for 4 weeks. Results showed that concentration of 0.5 mM salicylic acid reduced disease symptoms (number of sclerotia) on potato mini-tubers. Also, the results showed that application of salicylic acid increased the yield (number and weight of potato mini-tubers). Total chlorophyll (a + b) content in healthy potato plants was significantly higher than in potato plants infected with R. solani while amount of carotenoid content in healthy potato plants was significantly lower compared to infected plants. Also, results showed that chlorophyll and carotenoid contents increased in potato plants (healthy and infected) with increase in salicylic acid applied.
 

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