مطالعه‌ی اثر قارچ آنتاگونیست Trichoderma harzianum BI بر القای پاسخ دفاعی گیاه گوجه فرنگی علیه نماتد مولد گره ریشه Meloidogyne javanica

محورهای موضوعی : دو فصلنامه تحقیقات بیماریهای گیاهی

فاطمه ناصری نسب ¹ , نوازالله صاحبانی ² , حسن رضا اعتباریان ³

1 - کارشناس ارشد گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران
2 - استادیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران.
3 - استاد گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1392/08/15 تاریخ پذیرش : 1392/08/15 تاریخ انتشار : 1392/10/01

کلید واژه: کنترل بیولوژیک, ترکیبات فنلی, پراکسیداز, پلی فنل اکسیداز,

چکیده مقاله :

در این بررسی، فعالیت بیوکنترلی جدایه­ی BI harzianum Trichoderma علیه  Meloidogynejavanica و توانایی آن در القاء سیستم دفاعی در گیاه گوجه فرنگی رقم ارلی اوربانا Y در آزمایشگاه و گلخانه بررسی شد. ریشه‌ی گیاهچه‌های گوجه­فرنگی در مرحله‌ی 6 برگی توسط سوسپانسیون اسپور  BI harzianum .T با غلظت 10⁶ اسپور در میلی­لیتر و تعداد 2000 لارو فعال سن دو نماتد به ازاء هر گیاه مایه‌زنی گردید. میزان فعالیت آنزیم­های پلی فنل اکسیداز، پراکسیداز و میزان فنل کل در روزهای اول تا هشتم بعد از مایه­زنی نماتد، اندازه‌گیری شد. این جدایه، علاوه بر کاهش شدت بیماری و تعداد گال در گلخانه، افزایش درصد مرگ و میر لاروها و کاهش درصد تفریخ تخم­ها در آزمایشگاه، فعالیت آنزیم‌های پلی فنل اکسیداز و پراکسیداز را افزایش داد که این افزایش در روز چهارم بعد از مایه­زنی نماتد به حداکثر میزان خود رسید. بیشترین میزان فنل کل در گیاه آلوده‌ی تیمار شده با جدایه­یBI   harzianum T. در روز پنجم بعد از مایه‌زنی مشاهده شد. نتایج تغییرات در میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌ها و همچنین فنل کل طی روزهای مختلف پس از مایه­زنی، نشان داد که امکان تحریک مقاومت القایی در گیاه گوجه فرنگی توسط T. harzianum BI علیه M. javanica وجود دارد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The biocontrol activity of T. harzianum BI on root-knot nematode M. javanica and its ability to induce some biochemical defense responses on tomato were investigated. The roots of tomato seedlings were inoculated with suspension (10⁶ conidia/ml) of the antagonistic fungus and 2000 second-stage juveniles (J2) per plant. Enzymatic activity of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and levels of phenolic compounds were measured on days1 to 8 after inoculation. In addition to significant reductions in disease incidence and the number of nematode galls on the roots of plants in green house, T. harzianum BI increased the death percent of second stage juveniles (J2), and at the same time decreased the percent of egg hatch in the laboratory assays. It also increased peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities that reached their maximum levels 4 days after nematode inoculation. The highest level of phenolic compounds was observed on the 5^th day after nematode inoculation in treatments of T.harzianum BIand nematode compared with control. The ability of T. harzianum BIto increase activities of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and levels of phenolic compounds and plant defense induction may be some of the mechanisms responsible for its biocontrol activity.

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