تعیین تنوع ژنتیکی قارچ Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri عامل پژمردگی آوندی نخود ایرانی در استان ایلام با استفاده از نشانگرهای ISSR

محورهای موضوعی : دو فصلنامه تحقیقات بیماریهای گیاهی

مریم عظیمی ¹ (دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
سعید رضائی ² (استادیار، گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
سیامک بیگی ³ (استادیار، سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان ایلام، ایلام، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/10/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/02/09 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/09/01

کلید واژه: تنوع ژنتیکی, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, نشانگرریز ماهواره ISSR,

چکیده مقاله :

بیماری پژمردگی فوزاریومی نخود ایرانی ناشی از قارچ Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri یکی از مهمترین بیماریهای این محصول در ایران می باشد. به منظور بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی این بیمارگر تعداد 47 جدایه از مناطق آلوده استان ایلام جداسازی و مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پس از استخراج DNA بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی این جدایه‌‌ها با استفاده از نشانگرهای مولکولی ISSR صورت گرفت. بر اساس نتایج حاصله در سطح ضریب تشابه‌ 64%، جدایه ها در 24 گروه قرار گرفتند. این نتیجه نشان دهنده تنوع ژنتیکی بالا در بین جدایه‌های قارچ در استان ایلام است. بر اساس اطلاعات بدست آمده از آغازگرهای ISSR در بین شش جمعیت مورد مطالعه بیشترین فاصله ژنتیکی (054/0) بین جمعیت های سرابله و سیروان و کمترین فاصله ژنتیکی (010/0) بین جمعیت های آسمان آباد و شباب دیده شد. جریان ژنی و تمایز ژنتیکی با نرم‌افزار Pop GEN نشان داد که بیشترین جریان ژنی مربوط به ISSR₅ با مقدار 27/18 و کمترین میزان جریان ژنی مربوط به ISSR₇ با مقدار 65/1 بود و متوسط جریان ژنی 60/4 محاسبه شد. متوسط تمایز ژنتیکی در این تحقیق 098/0 بود. واریانس ژنتیکی محاسبه شده در بین جمعیت‌ها 6% و در میان جمعیت‌ها 94% بود. تنوع ژنتیکی بالا بین و درون جمعیت‌ها نشان دهنده احتمال توانایی بیماری‌زایی متفاوت در آنها است. این موضوع نشان دهنده اهمیت شناسایی نژادهای غالب بیمارگر در منطقه و به کارگیری آنها در فرآیند معرفی ارقام مقاوم به این بیماری می باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Fusarium wilt disease of Iranian chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri fungus is one of the most important chickpea diseases in Iran. In order to study the genetic diversity of this pathogen, 47 isolates were collected from infected areas in Ilam province. After extracting DNA, the genetic diversity of these isolates was analyzed using ISSR molecular markers. Based on the results at the level of 64% similarity coefficient, isolates were clustered into 24 groups. This result demonstrates the high genetic diversity among the isolates in Ilam province. Based on information obtained from ISSR primers were among six studied populations, the highest genetic distance was found to be 0.054 between Sarableh and Sirvan populations and the lowest genetic distance as 0.010 between Asemanabad and Shabab populations. Gene flow and genetic differentiation using Pop GEN software showed that gene flow is related to ISSR₅ with its amount as 18.27 and the lowest value was related to ISSR₇ with its amount as 1.65 and the mean gene flow was calculated as 4.60. In this research, the mean flow was 0.098. The calculated genetic variance was 6% between the populations and as well as to be 94% in populations. High genetic variation between and among populations shows the potential different aggressiveness of isolates. This shows the importance of the dominant pathotype(s) identification in the region as well as using them in the process of introduction new resistant cultivars.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Anonymous. 2014. Production of chickpea by countries. [cited 2017 Nov 11]. Available from: https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAO"o"FAO"UN food & Agriculture Organization.


2. Arvaio-ortiz M, Esqueda M, Acedo-Felix E, Sanchez A and Gutierrez A. 2011. Morphological variability and races of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris associated with chickpea ( Cicer arietinum) crops. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science 6: 114–121.


3. Bayraktar H, Dolar S and Maden S. 2008. Use of RAPD and ISSR marker in detection of genetic variation and population, structure among Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri isolates on chickpea in Turkey. Phytopathology13: 164–154.


4. Burgees L, Summerell W, Bullock S, Gott KP and Backhouse D. 1994. Laboratory manual for Fusarium Research. Sidney: University of Sidney Press. 133 p.


5. Chalcrabati A, Mukherjee PK, Sherkhane PD, Baghwat AS and Murthy NBK. 2001. A simple and rapid molecular method for distinguishing between races of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri form India. Current Science 4: 571–575.


6. Dahiya BS. 2003. Improved cultivar and agricultural practices for chickpea promotion in Punjab and Haryana. pp. 17–24, In: Proceeding and recommendations: Chickpea production and productivity contracts. ISAR New Delhi,.


7. Doyle JJ and Doyle JL. 1987. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemistry Bulletin 19: 11–15.


8. Gajbhe Pravin D, Madhuri Katkar S, Mane S and Jadhav PV. 2016. Pathogenic and molecular characterization of Fusarium oxysporam f.sp. ciceri causing chickpea wilt through ISSR markers. International Journal of Environmental Agriculture and Biotechnology 1: 224–227.


9. Haware MP, Nene YL and Natarajan M. 1996. Survival of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri in soil absence of chickpea. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 35: 9–12.


10. Honnareddy N and Dubey SC. 2006. Pathogenic and molecular characterization of Indian isolates of Fusarium oxysporam f.sp. ciceri causing chickpea wilt. Current Science 5:661–666.


11. Iruela M, Rubio J, Curbero J, Gil J and Millan T. 2002. Phylogenetic analysis in the genus cicer and cultivated chickpea using RAPD and ISSR markers. European Journal of Plant pathology 119: 29–37.


12. Jalali Siahkal Rodi Z and Aghaii MJ. 2016. Investigation of genetic diversity among Iranian population of Artemisia (Artemisia absinthium) using by ISSR Markers. Paper presented at: 2^th International & 14^th Iranian Genetics Congress; 21–23 May; Tehran, Iran.


13. Jimenez- Gasco M, Naves-Cortes JA and Jimenez-Diaz, RM. 2004. The Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cicer/Cicer arietinum phatosystema: a case study of the evolution of plant-pathogenic fungi into races and pathotype. International Microbiology 7: 95–104.


14. Jimenez-Díaz RM, Trapero-Casas A and Cabrera de la Colina J. 1989. Races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris infecting chickpeas in southern Spain. pp. 515–520, In EC Tjamos and C Beckman (eds). Vascular wilt diseases of plants. Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Germany.


15. Jimenez-fernandez D, Landa BB, Rafael SK, Jimenez Diaz M and Navas-cortes JA.2013. Quantitative and microscopic assessment of compatible and incompatible interaction between chickpea cultivars and fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris Races. PlosOne 8: 613–628.


16. Jukanti AK, Gaur PM, Gowda CLL and Chibbar RN.2012. Nutritional quality and health Benefits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): A Review. British Journal of Nutrition 108:11–26.


17. Lu J, Knox MR, Ambrose MJ, Brown JKM and Ellis THN. 1996. Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in pea assessed by RFLP and PCR based methods. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 93: 1103–1111.


18. Madhuri Katkar S. Mane S and Niveditak K. 2015. Molecular characterization races of Fusarium oxysporum. f.sp. ciceri using RAPD and ISSR markers. Legume Research 2: 246–252.


19. Nelson PE, Toussoun TA and Marasas WFO. 1983. Fusarium species: An Illustrated Manual of Identification. The Pennsylvania State University Press. University Park. 206 p.


20. Nene YL and Reddy MV. 1987. Chickpea disease and their control. pp. 233–270, In Saxena, MC and Singh KB (eds). The chickpea. CAB International: Oxon, UK.


21. Nourollahi Kh, Aliaran A, Yonessi H. 2014. Genetic diversity of Fusarium. oxysporium f. sp. ciceri isolates causal agent of wilt chickpea in Kermanshah province using microsatellite markers. Modern Genetics Journal 11: 31–36.


22. Rao LS, Usha Rani P, Deshmukh PS, Kumar PA and Pangulari SK. 2006. RAPD and ISSR fingerprinting in cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and its wild progenitor Cicer reticulatum Ladizinsky. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 54: 1235–1244.


23. Sharma M, Varshney RK, Rao JN, Seethe K, Hoisington D and Pande S. 2009. Genetic diversity in Indian isolates of Fusarium oxysporum  f.sp. ciceri chickpea wilt pathogen. African Journal of Biotechnology 6: 1016–1023.


24. Souframanien J and Gopalakrishna T. 2004. A comparative analysis of genetic diversity in blackgram genotypes using RAPD and ISSR markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 109: 1687–1693.


25. Tanno k and Wilcox GW. 2006. The origins of cultivation of Cicer arietinum L. and Vicia faba L.: early finds from tell el-Kerch, North West Syria, Late 10th millennium B.P. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 15:197–204.


26. Terzopoulos PJ and Bebeli PJ. 2008. Genetic diversity analysis of Mediterranean faba bean (Vicia fabae L.) with ISSR markers. Field Crops Research 108: 39–44.


27. Zokaee S, Felahati Rastegar M, Jafarpour B, Bagheri A and Mashhadi Jahanbakhsh V. 2012. Genetic diversity determination of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri the causal agent of wilting and chlorosis in chickpea by using RAPD and PCR-RFLP techniques in Razavi and Northern Khorasan provinces. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 3: 7–18.