The Effect of Exercise with Mental Stress on the Electrical Waves of the Heart of Young Men
محورهای موضوعی : Report of Health Care
Maryam Ameri
1
(Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Farshad Ghazalian
2
(Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Nader Shakeri
3
(Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Mohammad Reza Akhoond
4
(Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences and Computer, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran)
کلید واژه: Exercise, Heart, Mental Stress,
چکیده مقاله :
Introduction: In different studies, the effects of exercise and mental stress on electrical waves of the heart have been investigated separately. Nonetheless, the aim of this study was to investigate the simultaneous effect of exercise with mental stress on changes in electrical waves of the heart of young men. Methods: 24 healthy inactive men were selected and randomly divided into two groups of exercise and exercise with mental stress. The subjects in the exercise group biked for 37 minutes (60 % of the maximum aerobic capacity), and the subjects in the exercise with mental stress, biked for 37 minutes while they received 20 minutes of mental stress during biking, from minute 10 to 32. Heart electrocardiogram was recorded at 6 stages of resting, before exercise, 10, 20, 32 and 37 minutes since exercising. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with repeated measures at a significant level of 0.05. Results: No significant difference in heart rate changes (p = 0.71), QRS voltage changes (P = 0.41), QT changes (P = 0.57), QTc changes (P = 0.54) ST segment changes (P = 0.053) and R-R interval changes (P = 0.58) were observed in the interactive effect of group and time. Conclusion: The pattern of changes in the electrical waves of the heart applied in this study was similar in two groups of moderate intensity exercise with mental stress and without mental stress. Keywords: Exercise, Heart, Mental Stress
1. Liao W, Zhang W, Zhu Z, Ji Q, Gray WD. Toward a decision-theoretic framework for affect recognition and user assistance. Int J Hum Comput Stud. 2006; 64 (9): 847- 873.
2. Mroczek DK, Almeida DM. The effect of daily stress, personality, and age on daily negative affect. J Pers. 2004; 72 (2): 355- 378.
3. Besedovsky HO, Del Rey A. The cytokine-HPA axis feed-back circuitDer Rückkopplungskreis von Zytokinen und der Achse Hypothalamus-Hypophyse-Nebennierenrinde (HPA). Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie. 2000; 59 (2): II26- 30.
4. Franke WD, Kohut ML, Russell DW, Yoo HL, Ekkekakis P, Ramey SP. Is job-related stress the link between cardiovascular disease and the law enforcement profession?. Int J Occup Environ Med. 2010; 52 (5): 561- 565.
5. Strike PC, Perkins-Porras L, Whitehead DL, McEwan J, Steptoe A. Triggering of acute coronary syndromes by physical exertion and anger: clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. Heart. 2006; 92 (8): 1035- 1040.
6. Adams- Hamoda MG, Caldwell MA, Stotts NA, Drew BJ. Factors to consider when analyzing 12-lead electrocardiograms for evidence of acute myocardial ischemia.Am J Crit Care. 2003; 12 (1): 9- 16.
7. Kop WJ, Krantz DS, Nearing BD, Gottdiener JS, Quigley JF, O Callahan M, et al. Effects of acute mental stress and exercise on T-wave alternans in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators and controls. Circulation. 2004; 109 (15): 1864- 1869.
8. Lampert R, Shusterman V, Burg M, McPherson C, Batsford W, Goldberg A, et al. Anger-induced T-wave alternans predicts future ventricular arrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 53 (9): 774- 778.
9. Taggart P, Sutton P, Redfern C, Batchvarov VN, Hnatkova K, Malik M, et al. The effect of mental stress on the non-dipolar components of the T wave: modulation by hypnosis.Psychosom Med. 2005; 67 (3): 376- 383.
10. Zipes DP, Rubart M. Neural modulation of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Heart Rhythm. 2006; 3 (1): 108- 1013.
11. Coote JH. Landmarks in understanding the central nervous control of the cardiovascular system. Ex Physiol. 2007; 92 (1): 3- 18.
12. Bhide A, Durgaprasad R, Kasala L, Velam V, Hulikal N. Electrocardiographic changes during acute mental stress.Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2016; 5 (5): 835- 838.
13. Webb HE, Rosalky DS, Tangsilsat SE, McLeod KA, Acevedo EO, Wax B. Aerobic fitness affects cortisol responses to concurrent challenges.Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013; 45 (2): 379- 386.
14. Taggart P, Carruthers M, Somerville W. Some effects of emotion on the normal and abnormal heart. Cur Prob Cardiol. 1983; 7 (12): 1- 29.
15. Rainville P, Bechara A, Naqvi N, Damasio AR. Basic emotions are associated with distinct patterns of cardiorespiratory activityInt J Psychophysiol. 2006; 61 (1): 5- 18.
16. Craig AD. Forebrain emotional asymmetry: a neuroanatomical basis?. Trend Cognitive Sci. 2005; 9 (12): 566- 571.
17. Algra A, Tijssen JG, Roelandt JR, Pool J, Lubsen J. QTc prolongation measured by standard 12-lead electrocardiography is an independent risk factor for sudden death due to cardiac arrest. Circulation. 1991; 83 (6): 1888- 1894.
18. Molnar J, Zhang F, Weiss J, Ehlert FA, Rosenthal JE. Diurnal pattern of QTc interval: How long is prolonged?: Possible relation to circadian triggers of cardiovascular events.J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996; 27 (1): 76- 83.
19. De Bruyne MC, Hoes AW, Kors JA, Hofman A, Van Bemmel JH, Grobbee DE. Prolonged QT interval predicts cardiac and all-cause mortality in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study.Eur Heart J. 1999; 20 (4): 278- 284.
20. Karmakar C, Imam MH, Khandoker A, Palaniswami M. Influence of psychological stress on QT interval. In Computing Cardiol Conf. 2014; 1009- 1012.
21. Healey J, Picard RW. Detecting stress during real-world driving tasks using physiological sensors. IEEE Transactions Intel Transport Systems. 2005; 6 (2): 156- 166.
22. Paavonen KJ, Swan H, Piippo K, Hokkanen L, Laitinen P, Viitasalo M, et al. Response of the QT interval to mental and physical stress in types LQT1 and LQT2 of the long QT syndrome. Heart. 2001; 86 (1): 39- 44.
23. Andrássy G, Szabo A, Ferencz G, Trummer Z, Simon E, Tahy Á. Mental stress may induce QT‐interval prolongation and T‐wave notching. An Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2007; 12 (3): 251- 259.
24. Robinson BF. Relation of heart rate and systolic blood pressure to the onset of pain in angina pectoris. Circulation. 1967; 35 (6): 1073- 1083.
25. Falkner B, Onesti G, Angelakos ET, Fernandes M, Langman C. Cardiovascular response to mental stress in normal adolescents with hypertensive parents. Hypertension. 1979; 1 (1): 23- 30.
26. Wu J, Wu J, Zipes DP. Mechanisms of initiation of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. In Cardiac Electrophysiology: Fourth Edition. Elsevier Inc. 2004.
27. Kuo CS, Munakata K, Reddy CP, Surawicz B. Characteristics and possible mechanism of ventricular arrhythmia dependent on the dispersion of action potential durations. Circulation. 1983; 67 (6): 1356- 1367.
28. Eliot RS, Bull JC. Role of emotions and stress in the genesis of sudden death.J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985; 5 (6 Supplement 1): 95B- 98B.
29. Dickerson SS, Kemeny ME. Acute stressors and cortisol responses: a theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research. Psychol Bull. 2004; 130 (3): 355.
