اثربخشی مشاوره با رویکرد تحلیل تبادلی بر سازگاری فردی و اجتماعی و سبک های حل مساله دانش آموزان متوسطه دوم

محورهای موضوعی : تکتونواستراتیگرافی

افسانه غریبی ¹ (کارشناسی ارشد مشاوره دانشگاه پیام نور، اصفهان، ایران)
نعمت اله صالحی ² (استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی دانشگاه پیام نور، اصفهان، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/09/18 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/07/28 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/08/01

کلید واژه: رویکرد تحلیل تبادلی, سازگاری فردی و اجتماعی, سبک های حل مساله,

چکیده مقاله :

مقدمه: توانایی برخورد با چالش های زندگی نیازمند سازگاری فردی و اجتماعی و توانایی حل مساله سازنده است. بر این اساس استفاده از رویکردهایی که بتواند دانش آموزان را برای برخود موثر با تکالیف پیش رو آماده کند، ضروری است. لذا هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثربخشی مشاوره با رویکرد تحلیل تبادلی بر سازگاری فردی و اجتماعی و سبک های حل مساله دانش آموزان متوسطه دوم بود. 
روش: روش پژوهش نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش آزمون پس آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. ابتدا پیش آزمون با استفاده از ابزارهای پژوهش  بر روی هر دو گروه اجرا شد، سپس مداخله گروه آزمایشی با رویکرد تحلیل تبادلی انجام گرفت و در انتها مجددا پس آزمون توسط هر دو گروه تکمیل شد و نتایج مقایسه شد. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه دانش آموزن دختر متوسطه دوم در شهر فیروزآباد در 6 ماهه پاییز و زمستان 1398 بود که در مدارس این شهر مشغول به تحصیل بودند. حجم نمونه 30 نفر بود که به روش نمونه گیری دردسترس انتخاب و به تصادف در دو گروه 15 نفره آزمایشی و گواه گمارده شدند. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه سازگاری سینها و سینگ (1993) و سبک‌‌های ‌حل مسأله کسیدی و لانگ (1996) بود.
یافته ­ها: نتایج نشان داد که میانگین نمرات سازگاری و مولفه های سازگای فردی و اجتماعی و سبک های حل مساله سازنده در پس آزمون در گروه آزمایشی نسبت به گروه کنترل به طور معناداری افزایش یافته است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که میانگین نمرات سبک های حل مساله غیرسازنده در پس آزمون در گروه آزمایشی نسبت به گروه کنترل به طور معناداری کاهش یافته است.
نتیجه­گیری: بر اساس یافته های پژوهش می توان نتیجه گیری کرد که مشاوره با رویکرد تحلیل تبادلی بر سازگاری فردی و اجتماعی و سبک های حل مساله دانش آموزان متوسطه دوم اثربخش است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of transactional analysis approach on individual and social adjustment and problem-solving styles of secondary school students. The research method was quasi-experimental with post-test pre-test design with control group. First, the pre-test was performed on both groups using research tools, then the experimental group intervention was performed in 60- 90-minute group sessions with an transactional analysis approach, and finally the post-test was completed again by both groups. The statistical population included all girls’ secondary school students in Firoozabad in the 6 months of autumn and winter of 2019 who were studying in the schools of this city. The sample size was 30 people who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to two groups of 15 experimental and control groups. Research tools included a Singha & Sing adjustment (1993) and Cassiddy & Long problem-solving questionnaires (1996). The results showed that the mean of adjustment scores and individual and social adjustment components in the experimental group posttest compared to the control group increased significantly. It also showed t that the mean scores of constructive problem-solving styles in the post-test in the experimental group compared to the control group increased significantly. Also, the mean scores of non-constructive problem-solving styles in the post-test in the experimental group compared to the control group have decreased significantly. It can be concluded that counseling with a transactional analysis approach is effective on individual and social adjustment and problem-solving styles of secondary school students.

منابع و مأخذ:

1.      Sousa M, Moreira H, Melo C, Canavarro MC, Carvalho CB. The mediating role of unmet needs in the relationship between displacement and psychological adjustment: A study of cancer survivors from a Portuguese island region. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2021; 52: 101928.‏

2.      Oh I, Song J. Mediating effect of emotional/behavioral problems and academic competence between parental abuse/neglect and school adjustment. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2018; 86: 393-402

3.      Kim A, Choi S, Park S. Heterogeneity in first-generation college students influencing academic success and adjustment to higher education. The Social Science Journal. 2018; 251: 354-363.

4.      Olivier E, Archambault I, Dupéré I. Boys' and girls' latent profiles of behavior and social adjustment in school: Longitudinal links with later student behavioral engagement and academic achievement? Journal of School Psychology. 2018; 69: 28-44

5.      Bi D, Li X. Psychological flexibility profiles, college adjustment, and subjective well-being among college students in China: A latent profile analysis. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. 2021; 20: 20-26.‏

6.      Dotterer AM, Lowe K. Perceived discrimination, parenting, and academic adjustment among racial/ethnic minority adolescents. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 2015; 41: 71-77

7.      Vandenkerckhove B., Soenens B., Kaap-Deeder JV., Brenning K. & Vansteenkiste M. The role of weekly need-based experiences and self-criticism in predicting weekly academic (mal) adjustment. Learning and Individual Differences. 2019; 69: 69-83

8.      Sinha AKP, Singh RP. The Adjustment Inventory For School Student (AISS) .Agra: Natinal Psychological Corporation. 1993.

9.      Chevrier B, Compagnone P, Carrizales A, Brisset C, Lannegrand L. Emerging adult self-perception and link with adjustment to academic context among Female College Students. European Review of Applied Psychology, 2020; 70(5), 100527.‏

10.  Valero-Moreno S, Lacomba-Trejo L, Tamarit A, Pérez-Marín M, Montoya-Castilla I. Psycho-emotional adjustment in parents of adolescents: A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the impact of the COVID pandemic. Journal of Pediatric Nursing.‏ 2021; 25(2): 35-54.

11.  Mittelmeier J, Rienties B, Rogaten J, Gunter A, Raghuram P. Internationalisation at a Distance and at Home: Academic and social adjustment in a South African distance learning context. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 2019; 79: 1-12

12.  Becker-Weidman EG, Jacobs RH, Reinecke, MA, Silva SG, March JS. Social problem-solving among adolescents treated for depression". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2018; 48(1), 11-18.

13.  Matson JL, Fodstad JC. Rivet TT. The relationship of social skills and problem behaviors in adults with intellectual disability and autism or PDD-NOS. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2018; 3, 258-268.

14.  Liu S, Liu M. The impact of learner metacognition and goal orientation on problem-solving in a serious game environment. Computers in Human Behavior. 2020; 102: 151-165   

15.  Kim S, Choe I, Kaufman JC. The development and evaluation of the effect of creative problem-solving program on young children’s creativity and character. Thinking Skills and Creativity. 2019; 33: 2012-2036.

16.  Kiesner J, Kerr M. Families, peers, and contexts as multiple determinants of adolescent problem behavior. Journal of Adolescence. 2014; 27: 493-495.

17.  D’zurilla, TJ, Goldfried MR. problem-solving and behavior modification. Journal of Abnormal psychology. 1971; 78: 101-126.

18.  Poshtiban A. The Relationship between Problem Solving Style and Academic Achievement, Self-Esteem and Thinking of Third Year High School Students, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tabriz.2017.

19.  Güner P, Erbay HN. Prospective Mathematics Teachers’ Thinking Styles and Problem-Solving Skills. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 2021; 100827.‏

20.  Lee MY, Wang HS, Lee TY. Psychosocial stress, self-esteem, and social adjustment: A moderated mediation analysis in Taiwanese adolescents with Tourette syndrome. Journal of Pediatric Nursing.‏ Available online 28 July 2021In press, corrected proof.

21.  Bern E. Analysis of reciprocal behavior. Translated by Ismail Fassih (2020). Cuckoo Publishing. 1971.

22.  Gao D, Liu J, Bullock A, Li D, Chen X. Transactional models linking maternal authoritative parenting, child self-esteem, and approach coping strategies. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 2021; 73: 101262.‏

23.  Keçeci A, Taşocak G. Nurse faculty members’ ego states: Transactional Analysis Approach. Nurse Education Today. 2019; 29(7): 746-752

24.  Jabbari R, Mirza Hosseini H. Sadegh Mahboob S. The effectiveness of group training on interaction behavior analysis on distress tolerance and communication skills of delinquent adolescents. Transformational psychology (Iranian psychologists). 2020; 16 (61): 85-73.

25.  Sharifi M, Fatehizadeh MS, BahramiF., Jazayeri RS. Etemadi A. The effectiveness of combination therapy of exchange analysis and mindfulness on marital adjustment of women with interpersonal dependence. Women and society (Sociology of women). 2019; 9(4): 177-196.

26.  Sedighi S, Makond Hosseini S, Ghanbari Hashemabadi B. The effectiveness of group therapy interaction behavior analysis on improving couples communication patterns. Knowledge and research in applied psychology. 2015; 17(3): 36-44.

27.  Corredor CA, Romero-López AM, Benavides-Nieto A. Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Social Competence on Behavioral Problems. Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2017; 23721: 479-485

28.  Sayman, S, Akçay Y. A Transaction Utility Approach for Bidding in Second-Price Auctions. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 2020; 49: 86-93.‏

29.  Yilmaz A, Bedük A. Evaluation of the Effect of the Outsourcing on Resource Dependency and Transaction Cost Approach: A Research in Konya Oiz, Turkey. Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2014; 1098: 737-752

30.  Delavar A. Research Methods in Psychology and Educational Sciences. Tehran: Virayesh.2020.

31.  Narimani M, Rajabi S,  Afrooz GA, Samadi Khoshkho H. Evaluation of the effectiveness of learning disabilities centers in Ardabil province in improving the symptoms of students' learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities. 2011; 1(1): 128-109.

32.  Saqi MH, Rajaei A. The relationship between adolescents' perceptions of family functioning and their adjustment. Thought and behavior. 2010; 3(10): 36-25.

33.  Cussidy,M.& Long,A. Poblem solving style,stress psychological illness;Jorurnal of Clinical Psychology. 1961; 30: 43-47.

34.  Foroughanfar M. The Relationship between Problem Solving Methods and Marital Adaptation in Married Students of Shahid Beheshti University, M.Sc. Thesis. University of Shahid Beheshti. 2016.

35. Jones V, Stewart I. New methods in the psychology of reciprocal behavior analysis. Translated by Justice. Avalanche . fourth edition. Tehran: Circle Publishing. 1967.