طراحی بسته بازی‌درمانی مبتنی بر کارکردهای اجرایی برای کودکان چاق

محورهای موضوعی : روش ها و مدل های روانشناختی

آریان رضائی ¹ , اکرم دهقانی ² , سیّد عباس حقایق ³

1 - دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی روان‌شناسی، گروه روان‎شناسی، واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه روان‎شناسی، واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران
3 - دانشیار، گروه روان‎شناسی، واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1403/03/12 تاریخ پذیرش : 1403/11/16 تاریخ انتشار : 1403/12/14

کلید واژه: بازی‌درمانی, کارکردهای اجرایی, کودکان چاق,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: به دلیل آنکه تقویت سه کارکرد اجرایی مرکزی شامل حافظه فعال، بازداری پاسخ و انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی بنا بر نظریه خودتنظیمی زمانی هال و فونگ، الگوی عصب‌روان‌شناختی مهار وزن گتنز و گورین و الگوی نظری دیاموند دارای توان لازم برای ارتقاء رفتارهای سالم و سلامت روانی فرض شده است، هدف این پژوهش استفاده از این توان بالقوه به‎منظور طراحی یک بسته بازی‎درمانی برای کودکان چاق بود.

روش‌­: در قالب یک طرح ترکیبی، در مرحله نخست با نظرسنجی در مورد بسته بازی‎درمانی طراحی‎شده از 11 متخصص انتخاب‎شده به‌روش نمونه‎گیری هدفمند از جامعه روانشناسان شهرهای اصفهان و تهران، با استفاده از پرسشنامه سنجش روایی محتوا و فهرست ‎‌تطبیق سنجش تناسب‎پذیری مواد، روایی محتوا و تناسب‎ بسته بررسی شدند. در مرحله دوّم با اجرای بسته در قالب یک طرح شبه-آ‌زمایشی بر 16 زوج والد-کودک انتخاب‎شده به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس از جامعه مراجعه‌کنندگان به مراکز سلامت ایرانیان-شهر اصفهان، توسط سیاهه رتبه‌بندی رفتار کارکرد اجرایی و مقیاس تناسب‌پذیری-قابلیت پذیرش، روایی سازه و تناسب بسته مورد سنجش قرار گرفتند.

یافته­ ها: نتایج این پژوهش در وهله نخست، حاکی از مطلوب بودن روایی محتوا و تناسب بسته طراحی‎شده (88/0CVI=، 89/0CVR=؛ 60/1S=)، از دید متخصصان بود و در وهله دوّم، کفایت روایی سازه بسته را از طریق آثار معنادار اجرای آن بر تقویت سه کارکرد اجرایی مرکزی (05/0P<)، و تناسب آن (85/2S=) از دید شرکت‌کنندگان نشان ‌داد.

نتیجه­ گیری: یافته‎های پژوهش، با نشان‌دادن توان بسته بازی‌درمانی طراحی‌شده برای تاثیرگذاری بر کارکردهای اجرایی کودکان چاق، حاکی از امکان استفاده از آن در کاربست‌های بالینی توسط پژوهشگران علاقمند است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and purpose: Because of the strength of the three core executive functions (including working memory, response inhibition, and cognitive flexibility), and according to the Hall and Fong's Temporal Self-Regulation Theory, the Gettens and Gorin's Neuropsychological Model of Weight Control, aa well as the Diamond's Theoretical Model are assumed to have the necessary ability to enhance healthy behaviors and mental health. The purpose of this research was to use this potential to design a play therapy package for obese children.

Method: In the form of a mixed plan, in the first stage, the designed play therapy package studied by 11 experts selected by purposive sampling method from the society of psychologists of Isfahan and Tehran, by the Content Validity Assessment Questionnaire and the Suitability Assessment of Materials Checklist, the content validity and suitability of the package were examined. In the second stage, by implementing the package in the form of a Quasi-Experimental design on 16 parent-child pairs selected by convenience sampling method from the community of referrals to Iranian Health Centers-Isfahan city, by using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function and the Suitability-Acceptability Scale, the construct validity and suitability of the package were measured.

Findings: The results of this research, in the first place, indicated the desirability of the content validity and suitability of the designed package (CVI=0.88, CVR=0.89; S=1.60), from the experts' point of view, and in the second place, it showed the adequacy of the construct validity of the package through meaningful effects of its implementation on the strengthening of 3 core executive functions (p<0.05), and its suitability (S=2.85), from the participants' point of view.

Conclusion: The findings of the research, while showing the power of the play therapy package designed to influence the executive functions of obese children, indicates the possibility of using it in clinical applications by interested researchers.

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