تاثیر آزادسازی تجاری بر درآمد صنایع غذایی (مطالعه موردی رب گوجه فرنگی ایران)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی -پژوهشی تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزی

سید احسان ظهوری ¹ (دانش آموخته دوره دکتری، گروه اقتصاد، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
امیر محمدی نژاد ² (استادیار گروه اقتصاد، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران،ایران.)
رضا مقدسی ³ (دانشیار گروه اقتصاد، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی ، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران،ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/09/29 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/10/10 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/08/01

کلید واژه: رب گوجه فرنگی, تعرفه ارزشی, سهم درآمد,

چکیده مقاله :

مقدمه و هدف: بنگاههای کوچک و متوسط سهم قابل توجهی از ارزش افزوده را می­توانند به­ خود اختصاص دهند؛ محصولات صنایع تبدیلی بویژه رب گوجه­فرنگی با توجه به تولید سرانه و موقعیت اقلیمی ایران، از نظایر آن محسوب می­شوند. نظر به توسعه جهانی­شدن، راهبردهای رفع موانع تعرفه­ای و غیر تعرفه­ای می‌تواند منجر به افزایش سهم صادرکنندگان در بازار رقابتی شود.
مواد و روش­ها: برای مطالعه عوامل مؤثر بویژه عامل تعرفه برسهم درآمد صادرکنندگان رب­گوجه فرنگی از داده­های تابلویی با 192 مقطع شامل کارخانجات عمده صادرکننده وکشورهای واردکننده طی سال‌های 92-1384 درقالب مدل جاذبه استفاده شده است.
یافته­ها: نتایج روش تخمین مدل خطی تعمیم یافته حاکی از اثر مثبت بهره­وری، تعداد اسناد تجاری، مذهب و آسیایی­بودن کشور و اثر منفی تعرفه و مسافت تا کشور واردکننده بر سهم درآمد شرکت صادرکننده رب گوجه­فرنگی ایرانی بوده است.
بحث و نتیجه­گیری: اهم پیشنهادات می‌تواند شامل عضویت درسازمان تجارت جهانی، ترجیح برصادرات با بسته بندی اسپتیک به شرکای تجاری خاص و اعمال تعرفه­های ترجیحی از راه مذاکرات می­باشد. درخصوص عوامل غیر­تعرفه­ای، به تسهیل در عملیات بانکی بین­المللی از طریق رفع تحریم­های اقتصادی، تمرکز بر بازارهای آسیایی با توجه به اصل مزیت نسبی، به­روزرسانی تجهیزات، مکان­یابی کارخانه­ها و آموزش نیروی انسانی، پیشنهاد می­شود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Introduction: Small and medium companies may allocate themselves a significant share of value added; food industry products especially tomato paste in accordance with the production per capita and climate conditions of Iran are considered as such. Owing to the globalization development, the strategies of relieving from tariff and non-tariff barriers increase the exporters’ shares in the competitive market.
Materials and Methods: To investigate the effective factors, particularly the ad-valorem tariff on the share of tomato-paste exporters, a panel data was used with 192 cross-sections, including major exporting factories and importing countries in a gravity model during 2005-13.
Findings: Results of the Generalized Linear Model estimations indicated the positive effect of productivity, number of trade documents, religion, and being an Asian country, as well as the negative effect of tariff and distance to the importing country on the revenue share of Iranian tomato-paste exporting companies.
Conclusion: The most important suggestions is to be WTO membership, preferring to export to special trade partners with aseptic packages and to apply preferential tariffs via negotiations. In case of non-tariff factors, it is recommended that international banking functions should be facilitated by relieving the economic sanctions, focusing on Asian markets due to the comparative advantages, updating equipment, determining the geographic position of factories, and educating the labor.

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