بررسی سیاست تشدید تعرفه در طول زنجیره عرضه روغن نباتی ایران
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی -پژوهشی تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزی
امید زمانی
1
,
سید مجتبی مجاوریان
2
,
امیر منصور طهرانچیان
3
1 - گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
2 - عضو هیئت علمی
3 - دانشیار و عضو هیئت علمی گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه مازندران
کلید واژه: دانه‌های روغنی, تعادل جزیی چندبازاره, سیاست تعدیل تعرفه, روغن‌خام, روغن‌نباتی,
چکیده مقاله :
سیاست تعرفه وارداتی در طول زنجیره عرضه محصولات کشاورزی همواره یکی از چالش‌های سیاستگذاران این بخش بوده است. در این مطالعه اتخاذ سیاست‌های مختلف نرخ تعرفه بر محصولات خام در ابتدای زنجیره و محصول فرآوری شده در انتهای زنجیره عرضه روغن نباتی ایران مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. با توجه به پیوستگی بازارهای مختلف در طول زنجیره از تعادل جزئی چندبازاره جهت شبیه‌سازی سناریوها استفاده شد. نتایج بدست آمده نشان می‌دهد که با کاهش 20 درصد (40 درصد) درصد تعرفه دانه‌های روغنی، میزان تولید و واردات روغن خام به ترتیب 169 درصد (189 درصد) افزایش و 89 درصد (99 درصد) کاهش می‌یابد. حال آنکه افزایش 20 درصد (40 درصد) تعرفه روغن نباتی باعث کاهش مازاد رفاهی مصرف‌کنندگان این محصول به میزان 32 درصد (56 درصد) خواهد شد. همچنین افزایش تعرفه روغن نباتی اثر ناچیزی بر محصولات زنجیره‌های ابتدایی شامل روغن خام و دانه‌های روغنی دارد. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده، پیشنهاد می‌گردد که به منظور افزایش کارایی و اثربخشی سیاست‌های بازاری، اثرات متقابل این سیاست‌ها بر زنجیره‌های متوالی عرضه روغن نباتی مورد توجه قرار گیرد.
Tariff policy along agricultural products supply chain has been always a challenge of policymakers of this sector. In this study, different policy formulations of tariff rate on raw material in upstream chains and processed products in downstream chains were investigated. Due to market integration along the chain, a multi-market partial equilibrium model was employed to simulate the scenarios. Our findings show that with 20 percent (40 percent) increases in oilseeds import tariff, the production increases by 169 percent (189 percent) and the import of raw oil decrease by 89 percent (99 percent). Nevertheless, increases in vegetable oil tariff by 20 percent (40 percent) will reduce consumer surpluses by 32 percent (56 percent). Moreover, vegetable oil tariff has avoidable impacts on downstream chains including oilseed and raw oil. According to the study results, it is recommended that cross-cutting impacts of these policies on vegetable oil chain should be considered in order to improve effectiveness and efficiency of market policies.
Agricultural Economic Planning and Rural Development Research Institute (AEPRDRI). (2013). The maps of soybean and canola production in Iran, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
- Aksoy, M. A. (2005). Global agricultural trade policies. Global agricultural trade and developing countries, 37-53.
- Amjadi, A., Rafiee, H., and Moghaddas, N. (2012). Advantage analyses of imports and domestic production in Iran and the main soy imported countries using Error Correction Model. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development,141-149. (In Persian)
- Aziz, A., Denkyirah, E.K., & Denkyirah, E.K. (2017). effect of tariff escalation on Ghanaian Coca export: an empirical perspective. International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics, 5: 45-65.
- Balassa, B. (1965). Trade liberalization and “revealed” comparative advantages, the Manchester school.
- Bouët, A., Estrades, C., & Laborde, D. (2014). Differential export taxes along the oilseeds value chain: a partial equilibrium analysis. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 96 (3):924-938.
- Chavas, J.P., Cox, T.L., & Jesse, E.V. (1998). Spatial allocation and the shadow pricing of product. Agricultural Economics, 18, 1–19.
- Corden, W.M. (1971). the substitution problem in the theory of effective protection. Journal of International Economics, 1: 37-57.
- Dehshiri, A., & Yavari, G. (2007). Investigating production of oilseeds, edible oils and meals, Basic studies, Islamic Parliament Research Center of The Islamic Republic Of IRAN, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
- Devadoss, S., Ridley, W., & Sridharan, P. (2012). Trade Policies in World Apple and Juice Markets. Poster presented at the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, August 12–14.
- Fatemi Amin, S.R., & Mortezaie, A. (2013). Strategic plan of food processing supply chain. Planning and Budget Organization, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
- Fathi, F., & Bakhshoodeh, M. (2014). Food Security Impacts of Increasing Energy Prices on Iranian Meat Market. Economics and Agricultural Development, 6(2), 5-18. (In Persian)
- Fehresti Sani, M. (2015). Investigating market structure and economic efficiency in the Iranian vegetable oil supply chain, Ph.D. dissertation, Faculty of Economics and Agricultural Development, University of Tehran. (In Persian)
- Gilanpour, O., Kohansal, M. R., Zorar, P., & Esmaeilpur, E. (2012). Investigation of government intervention in the chicken meat market. Iranian Journal of Trade Studies, 63: 137-168. (In Persian)
- Gilanpour, O., & Valimohammadi, A. (2014). The impacts of tariff on domestic edible oil price and leading issues, Journal of agricultural Economics and Development, 28(4): 322-329. (In Persian)
- Heidari, H., Davoudi, N., & Pasha Zanousi, M. (2015). The effects of agricultural tariff reduction on macroeconomics variables using GTAP. Economics and Agricultural Developments, 3(29): 308-318. (In Persian)
- Hertel, T.W. (1999). Applied general equilibrium analysis of agricultural and resource policies. Staff Paper: 99-2, Purdue University, Department of Agricultural Economics.
- Hosseini, M. (2004). Agricultural trade policies and determining import tariff equivalent. Iranian Journal of Trade Studies, 32: 1-40. (In Persian)
- Howitt, R., Msangi, S. (2006). Estimating Disaggregated Production Functions: An Application to Northern Mexico.in 2005 Annual Meeting of the American Agricultural Economics Association, Long Beach, California.
- Hwang, H., Mai, C. C. & Wu, S. J. (2016). Tariff escalation and vertical market structure. World Economy, 1-13.
- Iran’s Customs Statistics. (2014). annual reports. (In Persian)
- Iran’s Ministry of Agriculture Jihad. (2017). Annual statistics. (In Persian)
- Iranian Vegetable Oil Industry Association, (2016). annual reports. (In Persian)
- Javorcik, B.S., Narciso, G. (2008). differentiated products and evasion of import tariffs. Journal of International Economics, 76: 208-222.
- Johonson F., Satyanarayana, V., Dahl, B. & Dooley, F. (1996). Trade in minor oilseeds: A spatial equilibrium analysis of sunflower and canola. Agricultural Economics Report, 353.
- Karbasi, A., Rastegaripour, F., Jahani, H., and Sotlani, S. (2013). Analyzing support policies in the agricultural sector: The case of irrigated soybean in Mazandaran. Agronomy Journal, 101:77-85. (In Persian)
- Komijani, A., Gilanpour, D., Moghaddasi, R., Nouri, K. (2001). Non-tariff barriers in Iran agriculture and its tariff -equivalent measures. Agricultural Economics and Development, 3(35): 65-78. (In Persian)
- McCorristion, S., Sheldon, I.M. (2004). tariff escalation and the developing countries: how can market access be improved in the Doha Round of trade negotiation? American Agricultural Economics Association, Denver, USA.
- Mirbagheri, V., (2014), Production, trade and consumption of edible oils in Iran, Basic studies, Islamic Parliament Research Center of The Islamic Republic of IRAN, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
- Mosavi, S. H. & Esmaeili, A. K. (2012). Self-sufficiency Versus. Free Trade: The Case of Rice in Iran, Journal of International Food Agribusiness Marketing, 24: 76–90
- Mosavi, S.H. (2015), Energy price reform and food markets: the case of bread supply chain in Iran. Agricultural Economics, 46:1–11.
- Paseban, F., Pourmoghim, J., Afshari, Zahra. (2010). Interaction with world economy and impacts of reduction in tariff rate on Iranian agricultural sector using computable general equilibrium model (CGE), Village and Development, 13(1): 83-109. (In Persian)
- Schwarz, G., Jechlitschka, K., & Kirschke, D. (2007). Microeconomics using Excel: Integrating Economic Theory, Policy Analysis and Spreadsheet Modelling. Routledge.
- Takayama, T. & Judge, G. G. (1964). Spatial Equilibrium and Quadratic Programming. Journal of Farm Economics, 46: 67–93.
- Williamson, O. E., (2000), The New Institutional Economics: Taking Stock/Looking Ahead, Journal of Economic Literature. 37 (3): 595-613.
- Wing, S.I. (2004). Computable General Equilibrium Models and Their Use in Economy-Wide Policy Analysis. MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, Technical Note 6, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
_||_