تأثیر توسعه مالی بر نابرابری درآمد شهری و روستایی در ایران: رویکرد GMM

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی -پژوهشی تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزی

مجید دشتبان ¹ (استادیار گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه بجنورد)
عبداله خوشنودی ² (استادیار گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه بجنورد)
زهرا اسعدی ³ (دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه بجنورد)

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/08/02 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/10/22 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/10/01

کلید واژه: توسعه مالی, نابرابری درآمد شهری و روستایی, روش گشتاورهای تعمیم‌یافته,

چکیده مقاله :

توسعه زیرساخت‌های مالی همواره به‌عنوان ابزاری کارآمد در جهت افزایش رشد اقتصادی، کاهش فقر و توزیع عادلانه درآمد در جوامع مدنظر بوده است. با توجه به نقش و اهمیت نهادها و ﻣؤسسات مالی و ارتباط آن با نابرابری، هدف اساسی این مطالعه بررسی اثر توسعه مالی بر نابرابری شهری و روستایی در کشور ایران با استفاده از داده‌های تابلویی 31 استان، در سال‌های 1385 تا 1394 می‌باشد. برای این منظور، ابتدا داده‌های مربوط به متوسط هزینه خانوار‌های شهری و روستایی، نسبت مخارج دولت به GDP (بیانگر اندازه‌ی دولت)، تولید ناخالص داخلی سرانه، نرخ شهر نشینی و اعتبارات اعطایی سیستم بانکی به بخش خصوصی به صورت درصدی از GDP به‌عنوان شاخص توسعه مالی، جمع‌آوری و سازماندهی شده و سپس، الگو با استفاده از مدل‌های پانل ایستا و پویا، برآورد شده است. در این مطالعه، رابطه U معکوس کوزنتس در استان‌های ایران تأیید نشد و براساس نتایج به‌دست آمده می‌توان گفت تأثیر اندازه دولت منفی بوده و سبب کاهش نابرابری درآمدی خانوارهای روستایی و شهری می‌شود

چکیده انگلیسی:

Development of financial infrastructure as an efficient tool to increase invariably economic growth, poverty reduction and equitable distribution of income in society is crucial the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of financial development on rural and urban inequality in Iran using panel data of 31 provinces, in the years 1385 to 1394. For this purpose, the data on the average income of urban and rural households, government spending (indicate the size of government intervention), per capita gross domestic product , the rate of urbanization and percentage of GDP as an indicator of financial development, collected and organized and then, a model using panel models (both static and dynamic), it is estimated.The results show that the Kuznets inverted U-curve hypothesis is not confirmed in Iran's provinces. It can also be said that the effect of government size is negative and it reduces the inequality of income between rural and urban households

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