رابطه عوامل موثر بر درک فرصت‌های اقتصادی توسط صاحبان کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط استان فارس

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

خلیل صفری ¹ (استادیار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی و فن‌آوری اطلاعات، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.)
علی محمد احمدی قراچه ² (استادیار گروه روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.)
فرزاد محمدجانی ³ (استادیار گروه روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/04/23 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/06/16 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/05/01

کلید واژه: حکمرانی‌خوب, نگرش به فرصت‌های اقتصادی, کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط, اقتصاد دانش محور,

چکیده مقاله :

تصمیم‌گیری در مورد شروع یک کسب و کار جدید و یا توسعه آن، تحت تاثیر نقش‌های آشکار و پنهان زمینه و فضای کسب و کار و در نتیجه چگونگی درک آن نقش‌ها توسط افراد و کارآفرینان است. چرا که درک جمعی از یک زمینه خاص، موجب ایجاد فرهنگی می‌شود که بستر فعالیت‌های کارآفرینی را تشکیل می‌دهد. در این تحقیق با توجه به بستر مورد مطالعه و اقتصاد دولتی ایران، تاثیر حکمرانی‌خوب بر روی چگونگی درک و نگرش کارآفرینان نسبت به فرصت‌های اقتصادی با توجه به نقش میانجی‌ اقتصاد مبتنی بر دانش با استفاده از روش مدل معادلات ساختاری و تکنیک تحلیل مسیر مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. برای این منظور نمونه‌ای 366 نفره از صاحبان کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط استان فارس با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌بندی شده استخراج گردید. نتایج حاکی از آن است که متغیر حکمرانی‌خوب هم دارای اثر مستقیم (0.414) و هم اثر غیرمستقیم (0.318) از طریق میانجی‌گری متغیر اقتصاد دانش محور بر چگونگی درک فرصت‌های اقتصادی است. لذا اثر میانجی جزیی متغیر اقتصاد دانش‌محور در رابطه بین حکمرانی خوب و درک فرصت‌های اقتصادی مورد تایید واقع می‌شود. از این رو انتظار می‌رود با تقویت عوامل حکمرانی‌خوب هم بتوان بستر مناسب برای توسعه اقتصاد دانش‌محور و هم درک مناسب از فرصت‌های اقتصادی و در نتیجه شرایط مناسب برای توسعه کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط را ایجاد نمود. نتایج تحقیق بیانگر آن است که سرمایه‌گذاری بر روی ایجاد حاکمیت قانون و کنترل فساد و همچنین ایجاد اعتماد و انسجام اجتماعی می‌تواند درک بهتری را نسبت به فضای کسب و کار و بالطبع بهره‌برداری از فرصت‌های اقتصادی در بین کارآفرینان و صاحبان کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط استان فارس ایجاد نماید. نتایج بیانگر این است که حکمرانی خوب به عنوان بخش کلان و شناختی سرمایه اجتماعی، تاثیر بسیار زیادی بر بهبود درک فرصت‌های اقتصادی کارآفرینان و صاحبان کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط در استان فارس دارد. چرا که در مجموع، متغیرهای حکمرانی خوب و اقتصاد دانش‌محور قادر هستند 62% تغییرات متغیر درک فرصت‌های اقتصادی را تبیین نمایند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The decision to start or develop a new business is influenced significantly by the overt and covert context of the business environment and consequently how individuals and entrepreneurs perceive those plans and contexts. Because a collective understanding of a particular field creates a culture that forms the basis of entrepreneurial activities. In this study, according to the study context and Iranian governmental economy, the effect of good governance on how entrepreneurs perceive and attitude towards economic opportunities with respect to the mediating role of the knowledge-based economy has been investigated. For this purpose, a sample of 366 small and medium business owners in Fars province was extracted using a stratified sampling method. The results indicate that the good governance variable has both a direct (0.414) and an indirect (0.318) effect through the mediation of the knowledge-based economy variable on how to perceive economic opportunities. So, the partial mediating effect of the knowledge-based economy variable in the relationship between good governance and understanding of economic opportunities is confirmed. Therefore, it is expected that by strengthening the factors of good governance, it will be possible to create a suitable platform for the development of a knowledge-based economy and a proper understanding of economic opportunities and, consequently, suitable conditions for the development of small and medium-sized businesses. The results show that investing in establishing the rule of law and controlling corruption, as well as building trust and social cohesion can create a better understanding of the business environment and, of course, the exploitation of economic opportunities among entrepreneurs and SMEs owners in the Fars province. The results, also indicate that good governance as a macro and cognitive sector of social capital has a great impact on improving the understanding of economic opportunities of entrepreneurs SMEs’ owners in Fars province because, in total, the variables of good governance and knowledge-based economy are able to explain 62% of the changes in the variable of perception of economic opportunities.

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