تبیین ظرفیت‌های گردشگری بومی بر توسعه معیشت در مناطق بیابانی (مطالعه موردی: شهر شهداد، شهرستان کرمان، استان کرمان)
محورهای موضوعی :
فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای
بهنام نظری زاده
1
,
علی المدرسی
2
,
مصطفی خبازی
3
,
سعیده مؤیدفر
4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد یزد.
2 - استاد گروه سنجش از دور و GIS، واحد یزد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یزد، ایران.
3 - دانشیار ژئومورفولوژی،دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان. کرمان، ایران.
4 - دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه میبد، میبد، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/05/30
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/01/16
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/08/01
کلید واژه:
گردشگری بومی,
توسعه معیشت,
مناطق بیابانی,
دشت لوت,
شهر شهداد,
چکیده مقاله :
اکوسیستم‌های بیابانی به دلیل توان اکولوژیکی منحصربه‌فرد و قابلیت‌ها و ارزش‌های اقتصادی-اجتماعی، جاذبه‌ها و قابلیت‌های منحصربه‌فرد به یکی از کانون‌های گردشگری در طبیعت تبدیل شده است. گردشگری پدیده‌ای است که از گذشته‌های دور مورد توجه جوامع انسانی بوده و بر حسب نیازهای متفاوت اجتماعی و اقتصادی به پویایی خود ادامه داده است و رشد این صنعت در هر کشور، نیازمند راهبرد مناسب و برنامه‌ریزی مدیریتی موثر است. دشت لوت واقع در استان‌های کرمان (شهرستان کرمان، شهر شهداد)، خراسان جنوبی و سیستان و بلوچستان، از مقاصد گردشگری بیابانی محسوب می‌شود که از یک دهه پیش مورد توجه گردشگران و برنامه‌ریزان قرار گرفته است. مسئله این است که با توجه به رشد فعالیت‌های گردشگری، چالش‌هایی در ارتباط با بالا بردن کیفیت زندگی مردم و روند رشد آن به وسیله صنعت گردشگری در آینده این منطقه منحصربه‌فرد مطرح شده است. با توجه به هدف پژوهش که تبیین ظرفیت تاثیرات گردشگری بومی بر توسعه معیشت در شهر شهداد می‌باشد، جامعه آماری مورد ارزیابی ما سرپرستان خانوار ساکن در شهر شهداد هستند؛ روش گردآوری داده‌ها در این تحقیق شامل روش کتابخانه‌ای و روش پیمایش مقطعی است برای استخراج شاخص‌های مذکور از نرم‌افزار SPSS، تکنیک ویکور و مدل HOLSAT استفاده گردیده است از نتایج به دست آمده از جدول نهایی تکنیک ویکور مشخص شد که مؤلفه‌های اقتصادی شامل فرصت‌های شغلی به همه طبقات جامعه با امتیاز 0.820 به عنوان مهم‌ترین مؤلفه تأثیرگذار در بالابردن کیفیت زندگی است و هم‌چنین نتایج حاصل از مدل HOLSAT نشان می‌دهد جز در بخش زیست‌محیطی که اکثریت عامل بازدارنده در بالابردن کیفیت زندگی مردم محلی می-باشد، در دیگر بخش‌ها مهم‌ترین امر برای بالابردن کیفیت زندگی ساکنین است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Desert ecosystems have become one of the centers of tourism in nature due to their unique ecological potential and socio-economic capabilities and unique values and attractions. Tourism is a phenomenon that has long been considered by human societies and has continued to be dynamic according to different social and economic needs, and the growth of this industry in each country requires a proper strategy and effective management planning. Lut plain located in the provinces of Kerman (Kerman city, Shahdad city), South Khorasan and Sistan and Baluchestan, is one of the desert tourism destinations that has been considered by tourists and planners for a decade. The problem is that due to the growth of tourism activities, challenges have been raised in relation to improving the quality of life of the people and its growth trend by the tourism industry in the future of this unique region. According to the purpose of this study, which is to explain the capacity of the effects of local tourism on livelihood development in the city of Shahdad, our statistical population is the heads of households living in the city of Shahdad; Data collection method in this research includes library method and cross-sectional survey method. To extract the mentioned indicators, SPSS software, Vicker technique and HOLSAT model have been used. The results obtained from the final table of Vickor technique showed that the components Economics includes job opportunities for all classes of society with a score of 0.820 as the most important component in improving the quality of life and also the results of the HOLSAT model show that except in the environmental sector where the majority is a deterrent to improving the quality of life of local people. In other areas, it is the most important thing to improve the quality of life of residents.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Sun, Cheng, Zhi-feng, W., Zhi-qiang, L., Na, Y. & Jian-bing, W., (2013). Quantifying different types of urban growth and the change dynamic in Guangzhou using multi-temporal remote sensing data. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 21(April), 409–417.
Truong, T. H., & Foster, D. 2006. Using HOLSAT to evaluate tourist satisfaction at destinations: The case of Australian holidaymakers in Vietnam Tourism management.
Wakode, Hemant Balwant, Klaus, Baier, Ramakar, Jha. & Raffig, Azzam, (2014) Analysis of urban growth using Lands at TM/ETM data and GIS- a case study of Hyderabad, India. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, (1), 109-121.
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_||_
Arbabian, Shirin, Zamani, Zahra, Rahimi, Masoumeh, (2014), Studying the effect of tourism on the development of entrepreneurship.
Jamshidi, Alireza, Khatun-Abadi, Ahmad, (2012), Identifying the causes and factors of deprivation trap in rural communities of Ilam province.
Jamapour, Mahmoud, Ahmadi, Shokofeh, (2013), the impact of tourism on sustainable rural livelihoods (case study: Barqan village, Saujblag city).
Jumapour, Mahmoud, Kiyomarth, Narjes, (2013), Investigating the effects of tourism on people's assets and livelihood activities in the framework of sustainable tourism livelihoods (case study: Ziarat village).
Jamapour, Mahmoud, Mirlatfi, Mahmoudreza, (2018), The role of indigenous knowledge and the function of the traditional system of cooperative management of water resources in sustainable rural livelihoods.
Hassanpour, Mahmoud, Ahmadi, Zeinab, Eliasi, Hassan, (2012), Determining the capacity of accepting tourism in the desert areas of Iran (case study: Shahdad, Maranjan, Band Rig and Masr, Farahzad).
Heydari-Bakhsh, Marzieh, (2007), a comparative study of the standards of parks and green spaces in the city of Isfahan with the existing standards (case study: green spaces on the border of Zayandeh-Rood).
Dadashpour, Hashem, Hossein-Abadi, Saeed, (2013), analysis of the role of empowering residents in physical-environmental improvement of informal settlements (case study: Sharq-Kal range from the perspective of Sabzevar city).
Rezvani, Mohammadreza, Bayat, Nasser, (2013), analysis of the place of rural tourism in the country's development plans with an emphasis on five-year national development plans.
Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization of Kerman Province, (2019).
Alipour, Abbas, Hashemi, Seyed Mostafi, Khalifa, Ibrahim, Moradi, Abolfazl, (2016), The role of tourism in sustainable social development of desert and desert areas (case study: Kerman province).
Fadelnia, Gharib, Kayani, Akbar, Mahmoudian, Heshmatullah, (2013), locating and prioritizing and topping system of urban parks using the method of hierarchical analysis of geographic information (case study: Shahr al-Shatar).
Lotfi, Siddiqa, (2008), The concept of quality of urban life.
Mokhtari, Marzieh, Nazari, Javad, (2009), Sociology of quality of life
Vezin, Narges, Barqi, Hamid, Tabatabaei, Seyed Mohammad, (2016), evaluation of the effects of desert tourism development on rural communities (case study: villages of Jarqouye-Alia and Ben-Roud districts of Isfahan).
Hashemi, Seyed Mostafi, Karimi Pashaei, Sajjad, Khalifa, Ebrahim, (2018), Prioritizing the potential of tourism development in desert and desert areas (case study: Kerman province).
P. Lo, and J. Faber Benjamin, “Integration of land sat thematic mapper and census data for quality of life assessment”, Remote Sensing of Environment, 62(2):143-157, 1997.
Chambers, R. (1995). Poverty and livelihoods: whose reality counts?, Environmentand Urbanization, 7(1): 173-204.. DFID. (1999). Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets, London, UK: DFID.. Ellis,
Leitmann, C. Bartone, and J. Bernstein, “Environmental management and urban development issues and options for Third World cities”. Environment and Urbanization, 4(2), 131-140, 1992.
Jhon Tribe & Tim Snaith, From SERVQUAL to HOLSAT: holiday Satisfaction in Varadero, Cuba: Tourism Management, 1998, Vol19, No1, Pp. 25-34.
Lee, Yung-Jaan. (2008), Subjective Quality of Life Measurement in Taipei, Building and Environment, 43.
Liu, B.C. (1976).Quality of Life Indicators in US Metropolitan Areas: A Statistical Analysis", Praeger, New York.
Mahdi, G. Shivakoti, G. and Schmidt-Vogt, D. (2009). Livelihood change and
livelihood sustainability in the uplands of Lembang Subwatershed, West Sumatra,
Indonesia, in a changing natural resource management context, Environmental
Management, 43: 84-99.
Mbaiwaa, J.E. and Stronzab, A. (2010). The effects of tourism development on rural
livelihoods in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, Journal of Sustainable Tourism.
Nyaupane, G.P. (2011). Linkages among biodiversity, livelihood, and tourism,
Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4): 1344-1366.
Paul, B.G. and Reinhard-Vogl, C.H. (2013). Organic shrimp aquaculture for
sustainable household livelihoods in Bangladesh, Ocean and Coastal Management.
Scoones I. (1998). Sustainable Rural Livelihoods, a Framework for Analysis, IDS
Working Paper No. 72.
Massam, B.H. (2002),"Quality of life: Public planning and private living. Progress in Planning, 58: 141–227.
Megone, C. (1990).The quality of life: Starting from Aristotle. In: Baldwin, S., Godfrey, C., Propper C. (Eds.), Quality of Life: Perspectives and Policies. Biddles, London.
Mishra, Monalisha, Mishra, Kamal Kant & Subudhi, A. P., (2014). Urban sprawl mapping and land use change analysis using remote sensing and GIS (Case study of Bhubaneswar City, Orissa). Retrieved from gisresources.com.
Nazarian, A. (2009). Dynamics of Iran’s Urban System. Publication of Mobtakeran, Tehran.
Santos, L.D., Martins, I. (2007).Monitoring Urban Quality of Life: The Porto Experience. Social Indicators Research, 80: 411–425.
Sun, Cheng, Zhi-feng, W., Zhi-qiang, L., Na, Y. & Jian-bing, W., (2013). Quantifying different types of urban growth and the change dynamic in Guangzhou using multi-temporal remote sensing data. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 21(April), 409–417.
Truong, T. H., & Foster, D. 2006. Using HOLSAT to evaluate tourist satisfaction at destinations: The case of Australian holidaymakers in Vietnam Tourism management.
Wakode, Hemant Balwant, Klaus, Baier, Ramakar, Jha. & Raffig, Azzam, (2014) Analysis of urban growth using Lands at TM/ETM data and GIS- a case study of Hyderabad, India. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, (1), 109-121.
Wu Wei-Wen. (2009) “Exploring core competencies for R&D technical professionals”. Expert Systems with Applications. Vol. 36 pp. 9574–9579.
