تأثیر انباشت تحقیق و توسعه (داخلی و خارجی) و سرمایه انسانیِ بخش کشاورزی بر فقر مناطق روستایی ایران

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

ابوالفضل شاه آبادی ¹ (دانشیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا، همدان، ایران)
فریبا مهری تلیابی ² (کارشناس ارشد علوم اقتصادی، دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا، همدان، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/08/08 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/01/31 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/01/01

کلید واژه: سرمایه انسانی, فقر روستایی, تحقیق و توسعه داخلی, سرریز تحقیق و توسعه,

چکیده مقاله :

     با توجه به استقرار 9/25 درصد جمعیت کشور در روستاها و نقش­ بسزایی که روستاها در تأمین امنیت غذایی، تولید مواد اولیه صنایع، افزایش ارزش افزوده و اشتغال و کاهش فقر دارند؛ بررسی مسائل روستاییان از اهمیت والایی برخوردار است. همچنین با توجه به اشتغال بخش اعظم روستاییان در فعالیت­های کشاورزی مسلماً یکی از کانال­های مؤثر بر کاهش فقر روستایی افزایش ارزش افزوده بخش کشاورزی از طریق افزایش انباشت تحقیق و توسعه داخلی و خارجی است، لذا هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر انباشت هزینه تحقیق و توسعه داخلی و خارجی (سرریز تحقیق و توسعه از کانال واردات) بخش کشاورزی بر فقر مناطق روستایی ایران طی سا­ل­های 1390-1350 است. این پژوهش دارای رویکردی تحلیلی – توصیفی است و با استفاده از ابزارهای متداول اقتصاد سنجی به تخمین معادله فقر روستایی می­پردازد. نتایج نشان می­دهد یک درصد افزایش در تأثیر متقابل نسبت سرمایه انسانی به شاغلین با انباشت هزینه تحقیق و توسعه داخلی منجر به کاهشی به میزان 73/1 درصد و یک درصد افزایش در تأثیر متقابل نسبت سرمایه انسانی به شاغلین با انباشت هزینه تحقیق و توسعه خارجی منجر به افزایشی به میزان 36/3 درصد در فقر نسبی مناطق روستایی می­گردد. با توجه به جایگاه فعالیت­های تحقیق و توسعه و سرمایه انسانی در تحول فناوری و کاهش فقر در مناطق روستایی لازم است از طریق هماهنگی مابین سیاست­های کلان اقتصادی شاهد گسترش بازار سرمایه انسانی و ایجاد انگیزه در فعالین بخش خصوصی جهت گسترش بازار تحقیق و توسعه داخلی بوده و همچنین، باید از طریق واردات هدفمند نهاده­ها و کالاهای واسطه­ای و سرمایه­ای بخش کشاورزی و انتخاب صحیح شرکای تجاری، شاهد افزایش جذب سرریز تحقیق و توسعه شرکای تجاری باشیم.

چکیده انگلیسی:

study on rural issues has high importance with regard to the establishment 25/9 percent of the population in the rural areas and important their roles in providing food security, the production of raw materials, increasing added value and employment and reduction of poverty. Also, due to the employment of most rural people in agricultural activities, one of the factors affectingreduction rural poverty is the added value of the agricultural sector by increasing R&D domestic and spillovers. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the stock of domestic and spillovers research and the development (R&D spillovers from import channel) agricultural sector on poverty in rural areas Iran from 1971 to 2011. This Analytical -Descriptive research applies conventional means to estimate econometric equation rural poverty. The results show that there is one percent increase in the interplay of human capital employed with the accumulation of domestic R & D research and expenditure development is leaded to reduce the amount of 1/73 percent and one percent increase in the interaction of human capital employed with the accumulation of external research and development expenditure is leaded to increase the amount of 3/36 percent in rural relative poverty. Regarding the position of the research and development activities and human capital employed in the technology evolution and reducing the poverty in rural areas, it is necessary to expand human capital through the coordination between macroeconomic policy and motivation in private sector activists to develop market research and development of the agricultural sector. Through import of inputs and intermediate goods in agriculture sector and correct selection trade, we can seee an increase in attraction spillovers research and development trade partners.

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