واکاوی چالش‌های اشتغال و درآمد‌زایی زنان منطقه عشایری زردلان (معرفی رویکرد کیفی نظریه زمینه‌ای به مطالعات جغرافیای روستایی)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

معصومه جمشیدی ¹ (استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه غیر انتفاعی باختر، ایلام، ایران)
علیرضا جمشیدی ² (دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، مدرس مدعو دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/01/29 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/01/31 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/01/01

کلید واژه: رویکرد کیفی, اشتغال زنان عشایر, مطالعات جغرافیای روستایی, مدل زمینه‌ای, شهرستان چرداول,

چکیده مقاله :

با توجه به اهمیت اشتغال زنان عشایر در بهبود اقتصاد خانواده، پژوهش حاضر بر آن است تا مطالعه­ای کیفی، با هدف واکاوی چالش­های اشتغال و درآمد­زایی زنان منطقه عشایر زردلان از استان ایلام، را انجام دهد. یکی از اهداف مهم مطالعه حاضر، معرفی نظریه زمینه­ای به پژوهش­های جغرافیای روستایی است. داده­های این مطالعه از طریق مصاحبه نیمه ساختارمند و بحث گروهی متمرکز و استفاده از اسناد و مدارک گردآوری شده است. در این پژوهش از رویکرد کیفی نظریه زمینه­ای و با بهره­گیری از روش­های کد­گذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی، برای تحلیل داده­ها استفاده شده است. منطقه مورد مطالعه، روستای زردلان در دهستان هلیلان می­باشد. جامعه آماری را کلیه زنان عشایر منطقه مورد مطالعه که در زمینه تولید محصولات لبنی و صنایع‌دستی فعالیت داشتند، تشکیل می­دهد. نمونه­ها هدفمند انتخاب شده و بر اساس نمونه­گیری نظری تا رسیدن به اشباع تئوریک تعداد 28 نفر انتخاب شدند. داده­های گردآوری شده در قالب 49 مفهوم، 7 مقوله عمده و یک مقوله هسته­ای کد­گذاری و تحلیل شدند. 7 مقوله عمده عبارت‌اند از: شرایط از تولید تا بازار،  مشکلات تولیدی و کاهش سطح تولیدات زنان،  وظیفه سنگین زنان عشایر، انزوای جغرافیایی مناطق عشایری، عدم حمایت دولت و مسئولین و تغییر سبک زندگی عشایر و سایرین و گرایش به مصرف تولیدات صنعتی. مقوله هسته­ای نیز که سایر مقوله­های عمده را پوشش می­دهد، مقوله مشکلات تولیدی و کاهش سطح تولیدات زنان است، نظریه زمینه­ای حاصله نهایتاً در قالب مدلی پارادایمی بر اساس سه بعد شرایط، تعاملات و پیامدها ارائه شده است، علاوه بر این نتایج نشان داد که مشکلات تولیدی و کاهش سطح تولیدات زنان عشایر تعاملی است در مقابل شرایط حاکم بر مناطق عشایری و پیامد منفی تنزل جایگاه اقتصادی زنان عشایر را به دنبال دارد. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که میانگین سنی زنان مورد مطالعه 32/58 بود. تولیدات این زنان در کل شامل 85 درصد محصولات لبنی و 15 درصد صنایع دستی بود.  

چکیده انگلیسی:

Given the importance of nomad women's employment in improving their household economy, the aim of this qualitative study is to explore the challenges of employment and income for women nomads Chardavol township of Ilam. One of the main purposes of this study is to introduce the Grounded theory to the researches of rural geography. Data have been gathered through documents, semi-structured interviews and focus-group discussions. This study has been used to code techniques including open, axial and selective for analyzing the data. Zrdlan tribal region in the district of Holeilan in the Chardavol Township located in Ilam is the region of the study. The population of this study was all nomad women that were active in producing dairy products and Handicraft. Sample size 28 was purposefully selected on the basis of theoretical saturation sampling. Data collected in the form of 49 concept, 7 major categories and a core category then were analyzed. 7 major categories are: The conditions of production to the market. Production problems and reduce the production of women, heavy duty of tribal women, geographic isolation of tribal areas. Lifestyle of nomads changes because of lack of support from the government and the authorities and and tends to work in industries. The results showed that the mean age of women was 58.32 that 85 percent work in dairy products and 15% in crafts. Furthermore, the results showed that production problems and reduce the output level of tribal women are interactive and responsive to governing conditions in tribal areas that led to declining economic status of tribal women that has negative consequences.

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