مقایسه تطبیقی جایگاه مناطق کشور بر مبنای توسعه ی دانش محور
محورهای موضوعی :
فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای
هاشم داداش پور
1
,
زاهد یوسفی
2
1 - دانشیار برنامهریزی شهری و منطقهای، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
2 - پژوهشگر دوره دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/04/22
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/09/26
تاریخ انتشار : 1395/09/01
کلید واژه:
GIS,
توسعه سرزمینی,
مناطق دانش,
نابرابری های فضایی,
تحلیل فازی,
چکیده مقاله :
موضوع نوآوری و خلق دانش یک حوزه پژوهشی مهم در برنامهریزی توسعه منطقهای محسوب میشود. بسیاری از کشورها به اهمیت این موضوع پی برده و به تقویت بخشهای دانش محور اقتصادی پرداختهاند. در کشور ما نیز طی سالهای گذشته اقداماتی در راستای توسعه مبتنی بر دانش صورت گرفته و متأثر از آن، تحولاتی در فضای سرزمینی کشور و نقش و جایگاه استانها در فرایند این تغییر و تحول، در حال شکلگیری است. با در نظر گرفتن این تحولات، هدف اصلی این مقاله، مقایسه تطبیقی جایگاه مناطق مختلف کشور در توسعه دانش محور می باشد. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر با روش تحقیق کمی- تحلیلی و با استفاده از دادههای آماری موجود و از طریق ابزار GIS و تحلیلهای فازی و سلسله مراتبی (AHP) موجود در آن و نیز نرم افزار SPSS، به تحلیل پیامدهای این تغییر و تحولات پرداخته و تلاش نموده است تا جایگاه استانهای کشور را در فرایند توسعه دانش محور مشخص نماید. برای این منظور با توجه به معیارهای مورد استفاده در مطالعات مشابه و همچنین با توجه به امکان دسترسی به دادهها و اطلاعات مربوط به این معیارها، در نهایت 15 نماگر در 4 گروه شاخص انتخاب، و بر این اساس 31 استان کشور رتبه بندی شده که نتایج، حاکی از عدم تعادل شدید میان مناطق کشور در زمینه ظرفیت توسعه مبتنی بر دانش است. مناطق مرکزی کشور دارای وضعیت بهتری بوده و هر چه به سمت پیرامون میرویم شرایط به سمت بدتر شدن حرکت میکند. در این میان، استان تهران با فاصله بسیار زیادی از دیگر استانها در رتبه نخست قرار گرفته و پس از آن استانهای قم، سمنان و اصفهان در رتبههای دوم تا چهارم قرار دارند. همچنین سه استان کردستان، سیستان و بلوچستان، و خراسان شمالی به ترتیب رتبههای بیست و نهم تا سی و یکم را به خود اختصاص دادهاند. این روند نشان دهنده نابرابریهای فضایی در توسعه دانش محور است که ضرورت و لزوم بازنگری سیاستها و برنامهریزی برای کاهش فاصله میان مناطق کشور را در میان سیاستگزاران کشور بازتاب میدهد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The innovation and knowledge creation is a vital and extensive research area in the contemporary regional development planning. Many countries have realized the importance of this issue and have tried to strengthen the knowledge-based sectors of the economy. As well, we have taken steps to a knowledge-based development in the past years in Iran. Consequently, some changes in the country and the role of the Provinces in the process of this change are being emerged. Considering these changes, the main objective of this paper is to assess and compare the role of knowledge in the 31 Iran Provinces to realize the role and importance of knowledge in each Province. This study, with descriptive-analytical research method and using available statistical data (mostly the year 1390), by using fuzzy and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis tools in ArcGIS as well as SPSS analytical tools, has investigated the implications of these changes and attempts to determine the position of the each Province in the process of knowledge-based development. For this purpose, according to the criteria used in similar studies, as well as with regard to access to data and information relating to these measures, 15 indicators were selected in 4 index groups. Accordingly, 31 provinces were ranked and classified into six clusters using cluster analysis. The results show that there is a sever imbalance between the Provinces in potential of the knowledge-based development. Tehran, far from other provinces, is in the first place, and then the provinces of Qom, Isfahan, and Semnan are located in rank 2 to 4. Also, at the bottom of the ranking table, three provinces of Kurdistan, Sistan and Baluchistan, and North Khorasan are located in 29 to 31 places, respectively. This trend reflects the formation of center-periphery relations in the spatial knowledge-based development that implies the necessity of reviewing policies and programs among policymakers to reduce the gaps between county’s regions.
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