تحلیل اثرات مواد آلاینده با منشاء انسانی بر کیفیت آب رودخانه کارون (حدفاصل سد گتوند تا اهواز)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

اکبر هاشمی فرد ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه آزاد واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران)
پرویز کردوانی ² (استاد گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد واحد علوم تحقیقات تهران)
فریده اسدیان ³ (استادیار گروه جغرافیای طبیعی دانشگاه آزاد واحد علوم تحقیقات تهران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/12/15 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/02/19 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/04/01

کلید واژه: کیفیت آب, اهواز, رودخانه کارون, مدل فازی AHP, سدگتوند,

چکیده مقاله :

      رودخانه‌کارون بزرگ‌ترین و پرآب‌ترین رودخانه کشور است که به علت وجود مراکز متعدد صنعتی، کشاورزی و شهرهای بزرگ در حاشیه آن، موقعیتی استراتژیک در کشور داشته و پایش بهینه کیفیت آن یک ضرورت ملی می­باشد. هدف اصلی این تحقیق بررسی نقش عوامل انسانی بر کیفیت آب رودخانه کارون در بازه سد گتوند تا انتهای محدوده شهرستان اهواز می­باشد. بدین منظور با نمونه گیری و انجام آزمایشات لازم از آب رودخانه کارون در چهار ایستگاه پایین دست سد گتوند در بازه زمانی 1385 تا 1395، و در نظر گرفتن موقعیت منابع آلاینده ، داده های کیفی به دست آمد. سپس با استفاده از نرم افزار­های اکسل و Chemistry شاخص­های کیفیت آب در قالب اشکال و نمودارها مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته و با استفاده از نرم افزارهای ARC GIS10.2 و Expert choice11 نقش عوامل مؤثر در کیفیت آب رودخانه کارون تحلیل فضایی گردید و در نهایت مکان‌های آسیب پذیر بر اساس مدل FuzzyAHP مورد شناسایی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که علت نامطلوب شدن آب رودخانه کارون از محل تقاطع رودخانه گرگر و شطیط به بعد، روستاهای اطراف و پساب کارخانه­ها و صنایع نزدیک رودخانه، کشاورزی و اتصال رودخانه دز می باشد، که فاضلاب شهرهای اطراف و به ویژه آب برگشتی از واحدهای کشت و صنعت نیشکر، به آن وارد می­شود. همچنین بر اساس پهنه بندی انجام شده مشخص گردید که، 42/3863 کیلومتر مربع از محدوده مورد مطالعه از نظر آسیب پذیری نسبت به آلاینده ها، بسیار آسیب پذیر، و 34/2647 کیلومتر مربع خیلی کم در معرض آسیب پذیری مواد آلاینده قرار دارند و میزان اثر عوامل مختلف بر کیفیت آب رودخانه کارون در محل تلاقی رودخانه دز، گرگر و شطیط به سمت پایین دست تا اهواز بسیار زیاد است که نیاز به توجه ویژه برنامه ­ریزان امر دارد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The Karun River is the largest and longest river in the country, due to the presence of multiple centers of industrial, agricultural and other major cities on the periphery, strategic location in the country and improve its quality monitoring is the national imperative. The main objective of this study is to investigate the role of anthropogenic factors on the quality of the Karoon River between the gotvand of dam to the bottom of the range of city Ahvaz. For this purpose, the sampling and testing for Karun river water downstream of the Gotvand at four stations in the period 1385 to 1395, and taking into account the location of emissions sources, obtained is qualitative data. , and then by using the Excel and Chemistry software, water quality indicators With figures and charts were reviewed and analyzed.Then by ARC GIS10.2 and Expert choice11 software is spatial analyzed the role of effective factors in the Karun River water quality and finally according to the model of FuzzAHP were assessed vulnerable areas. The results showed that, due to unfavorable Karun River, from the Junction GARGAR, And SHOTEYT to the next, surrounding villages and factories and industrial waste near the river, agricultural and Dez of river, that Sewage water the surrounding towns, especially the return of water the sugarcane of Agro-industrial units. The zoning also found that, 3863/42 square kilometers of area in terms of vulnerability to pollutants, very vulnerable, and 2647/34 square kilometers pollutants are much less vulnerable And the effects of various factors on water quality Karun River at the Junction of Dez River, GARGAR and SHOTEYT to downstream Ahwaz is very much, The need to pay special attention to the planners.

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