واکاوی راهبردی توسعه پایدار کشاورزی با رویکرد کارآفرینانه(مطالعه موردی: استان خوزستان)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

پگاه مریدسادات ¹ (استادیار دانشگاه شهید بهشتی)
عبدالرضا رکن الدین افتخاری ² (استاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ، تهران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/11/22 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/02/19 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/04/01

کلید واژه: توسعه کشاورزی, استان خوزستان, راهبرد, کارآفرینی پایدار,

چکیده مقاله :

     اتخاذ سیاست­های رشد محور در بخش کشاورزی، شکست این سیاست­ها و شکست بازار، موجب بروز ناپایداری­های اجتماعی، اقتصادی و محیط‌ ‌زیستی در این بخش و در نتیجه تأکید بر توسعه پایدار کشاورزی گردید. مبتنی بر ادبیات کارآفرینی، این شکست، منبع ایجاد فرصت های سودآوری و خلق ارزش های محیط زیستی و اجتماعی برای کارآفرینان پایدار  است. در این چارچوب توسعه پایدار کارآفرینی در بخش کشاورزی دستیابی به اهداف توسعه پایدار کشاورزی به ویژه ثروت و رفاه انسان و اکوسیستم را تسهیل می نماید. دستیابی به این هدف، مستلزم شناخت راهبردهای اثر بخش بر اساس قوت­ها، ضعف ها، فرصت ها و تهدیدهای هر منطقه است. هدف مقاله حاضر بر پایه تحلیل راهبردی توسعه پایدار کشاورزی با رویکرد کارآفرینانه در استان خوزستان استوار است. پژوهش حاضر پیمایشی و کاربردی است. ابزار گردآوری داده­ها شامل واکاوی اسنادی، مشاهده و پرسشنامه بودند. اعتبار پرسشنامه ها توسط خبرگان دانشگاهی و کارشناسان سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان خوزستان و ادارات آن در سطح شهرستان تأیید شد. پایایی آنها با آزمون آلفای کرونباخ تأیید (بالاتر از 0.7) شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر خبرگان و بهره برداران زراعی استان (116656نفر) بودند. نمونه­گیری خبرگان هدفمند و با روش گلوله برفی (39 نفر) انجام شد. تعداد نمونه کشاورزان با فرمول کوکران تعیین (495 نفر) و انتخاب نمونه ها در سطح روستاها به روش طبقه­ای تصادفی با انتساب متناسب انجام شد. طبق نتایج تحلیل سوات، راهبرد تدافعی (عوامل درونی 2.25 ؛ عوامل بیرونی 2.22) برای گذار از شرایط کنونی و رفتن به سمت شرایط مطلوب تعیین شد. در این راستا 9 راهبرد معرفی و اولویت­بندی شدند. در این میان سه راهبرد اول شامل ارتقا حمایت ها و تسهیلات مالی، ارتقا ثبات اقتصادی و کاهش نااطمینانی و توسعه زیرساخت ها، بر بهبود وضعیت اقتصادی تأکید داشتند. لذا پیشنهاد می شود برای تسریع توسعه پایدار کشاورزی با رویکرد کارآفرینانه در استان خوزستان، تمرکز بر بهبود وضعیت اقتصاد کشور در اولویت قرار گیرند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

     The growth-oriented agricultural policy making and the failure of these policies and market led to the emergence of social, economic and environmental unsustainability in this sector, so sustainable agricultural development was emphasized. Based on entrepreneurial literature, this failure is the source of creating opportunities for sustainable entrepreneurs to make profitability and create environmental and social values. In this framework sustainable entrepreneurship development in agricultural sector facilitates the achievement of the goals of sustainable agricultural development, in particular the wealth and well-being of humans and ecosystems. Achieving this goal requires recognizing effective strategies based on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of each region. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is the strategic analysis of sustainable agriculture development with an entrepreneurial approach in Khuzestan province. This is an applied and survey research. The data gathering tools were documentary analysis, observation and questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by academic experts and the specialists of the organization of jahad-agriculture in Khuzestan Province and its bureau in county level. The reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (more than 0.7). The statistical populations of the study consisted of experts and farmers (116656 persons) in the province. Sampling of experts was done purposefully using snowball method (39 people). The sample size of farmers was determined by the Cochran formula (495 people). Selection of samples at village level was done by random stratified sampling method. According to SWOT analysis, the defensive strategy (internal factor 2.25; external factor 2.22) was determined to transition from the current to desired situation. In this regard, 9 strategies introduced and prioritized. Among these, the first three strategies, including the promotion of financial support and facilities, improving economic stability and the reduction of uncertainty and the development of infrastructure, emphasized the improvement of the economic situation. Therefore, it is recommended to focus on improving the economic situation of the country in order to accelerate the sustainable agriculture development with an entrepreneurial approach in Khuzestan province.

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