سنجش و ارزیابی شاخص های مدیریت بهینه پسماند در مناطق روستاییِ شهرستان آبادان

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

مرتضی نعمتی ¹ , محمود عبیات ² , علی اکبر بابایی ³ , علی شجاعیان ⁴

1 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه شهیدچمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
2 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه شهیدچمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشگاه جندی شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران
4 - عضو هیئت علمی گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه شهیدچمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/08/11 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/07/26 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/05/01

کلید واژه: روستا, مدیریت پسماند, زیست محیطی, شهرستان آبادان, Topsis Fuzzy,

چکیده مقاله :

      امروزه خطرات زیست محیطی ناشی از سوء مدیریت پسماند به عنوان یکی از مشکلات اساسی کشور مطرح است و این مشکل در روستاها بیشتر از شهرها نمود دارد. در محیط های روستایی، با وجود تفاوت هایی که این مناطق به لحاظ شیوه زندگی با محیط های شهری دارند، به دلیل تغییر در شیوه زندگی مردم، مدیریت پسماند به عنوان امری مهم مطرح می باشد. آلودگی های زیست محیطی و در نتیجه به خطر افتادن بهداشت و سلامت روستاییان نیازمند الگوی مناسب مدیریت پسماند براساس شرایط موجود است. هدف اصلی از انجام این تحقیق سنجش و ارزیابی شاخص های مدیریت بهینه پسماند در مناطق روستایی شهرستان آبادان است. این پژوهش با روش توصیفی – تحلیلی انجام می‌گیرد. و در پردازش از مدل های AHP و Topsis Fuzzy و جهت انجام تحلیل های این پژوهش از نرم افزار Excelاستفاده شده است. نتایج بدست آمده از مدل تاپسیس فازی، بر اساس وزن ‌های محاسبه شده نشان می‌دهد که در شاخص مورد مطالعه، شاخص مطالعات طرح جامع پسماند (با شاخص شباهت 755/0)، مهم‌ترین مسئله در مدیریت پسماند مناطق روستایی شهرستان آبادان می‌باشد. همچنین شاخص برنامه‌های فرهنگ سازی و آموزش (با شاخص شباهت 643/0)، جمع آوری و حمل و نقل (با شاخص شباهت 626/0)، دفع نهایی (با شاخص شباهت 612/0)، جلب مشارکت مردمی و بخش خصوصی (با شاخص شباهت 607/0)، تفکیک از مبدأ تولید (با شاخص شباهت 592/0)، نیروی انسانی متخصص (با شاخص شباهت 586/0) و ایجاد بانک اطلاعات (با شاخص شباهت 561/0) به ترتیب در رتبه های بعدی قرار گرفته اند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Today the environmental hazards caused by mismanagement of waste to be one of the major problems the country and this problem is higher in rural areas than cities. In rural areas, despite the differences between the regions in terms of the lifestyle with urban environments, Due to changes in the lifestyle of people, Waste Management is considered as a very important. Environmental pollution and thereby endanger the health of villagers require of appropriate waste management based on existing conditions. The main purpose of this research is Assessment and evaluation of the optimal waste management in rural areas Abadan city this research done by the descriptive - analytical Method and in processing is used from the Topsis Fuzzy AHP model. And is used from the Excel software to perform analyzes in this paper. The results of fuzzy TOPSIS model based on the calculated weights shows That in the index studied, the index of the waste master plan studies (With similarity index0/755 The most important thing for waste management in rural areas is the city of Abadan Also the index of the culture and education programs(With similarity index0/643 gathering and transportation(With similarity index0/626), final disposal(With similarity index0/612), public participation and private sector(With similarity index0/607), breakdown by origin of production(With similarity index0/592), skilled manpower(With similarity index0/586) and creating data bases are located(With similarity index0/561), respectively, in the next rankings.
Extended Abstract
Objective: Rural waste management is the most important measure for preventing environmental hazards and damages because rural areas occupy a major part of the population and natural areas of the country and its community plays a vital role in the economic and social life of the country. Abadan County has many problems in rural waste management as in the country. This problem is still considered to be one of the most important problems in the rural areas of the country, despite the need to provide a model for optimal waste management in rural areas. One of these models is to classify rural areas in terms of optimal indicators of waste management using multi-criteria decision-making methods, so that in view of the results obtained, the rural areas with poor waste management status can be prioritized Planned.
Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical-applied study. And according to the subject under study and for the purposes specified to collect library method information (using books, theses and articles for basic discussions and theoretical principles, using existing maps) and field studies (including visiting the study area To understand the current status of waste management in rural areas and ecological, socio-economic and cultural resources needed through observation, interviews and direct referral to departments and use of questionnaire). Questionnaires were distributed among the village managers in order to rank the indicators of optimal waste management. Then FUZZY TOPSIS method was used for data analysis. It is used to perform data analysis and data acquisition of tools such as Expert Choice and EXCEL software.
Results:According to the results, it was shown that the waste management plan study index is the most important issue in waste management in rural areas of Abadan County, followed by indices of culture and education programs, collection and transportation, final disposal, catch Public and private partnerships, separation of source of production, expert manpower, database creation.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the index of waste master plan studies is the most important issue in the waste management of rural areas of Abadan County, which contradicts the findings of Kos and Trewis (2010), Amoi et al. (2008), Sharifzadeh (2009), The findings are by Josie et al. (2013), Davood Ballerck et al. (2013) and Arbabi et al. (2016)
In the end, it can be said that according to the above mentioned, it is clear that none of the elements required in rural waste management in Abadan is efficient and it will not be costly and time consuming to eliminate this problem without careful study of the existing situation.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Abdoli, M.A; Jalili Ghazizadeh, M; Samieeifard, R (2007). Presentation of the Model of Public and Private Sector Participation in Rural Waste Management System. First Conference on Environmental Systems Planning and Management, Tehran, pp. 10-1. (In Persian)


2. Abedinzadeh, N; Abedinzadeh, F; Abedi, T (2011). Investigation of Strategic Factors of Rasht County Waste Management Using SWOT Method and QSPM Matrix Formation. Journal of Environmental Studies, Thirty-Seventh Year, No. 57, Tehran, Pp. 104-93(In Persian).


3. Arbabi, M; Asadi Amirabadi, M.R; Fazelian Dehkordi, E (2016). Investigation of Municipal Waste Management Methods in the World: A Regular Review Study. National Conference on Knowledge and Technology of Agricultural Sciences, Natural Resources and Environment of Iran, Tehran, pp. 12- 1. (In Persian)


4. Alah Abadi, A; Saghi, M.H (2011). Locating and Designing Rural Waste Landfill in Sabzevar. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, No. 1, pp. 29-34. (In Persian)


5. Amoee, A.i; ​​Ghannami, Z; Asgharnia, H.A (2012). Investigation of Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Solid Waste in Babolsar County, 2010. 6th National Conference and First International Conference on Waste Management, Mashhad, pp. 15-1. (In Persian)


6. Center of Urban and Rural Specialized Studies and Services, Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Jihad-e-Academic (2006). Rural Environment (Waste Management, Green Landscape of the Village ...). Publications of Municipalities and Villages Organization, First Edition, Tehran. (In Persian)


7. Chris, Z (2003). Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries, EAEAG. . (In English)


8. Couth, R; Trois, C (2010). Carbon emissions Reduction Strategies in Africa from Improved Waste Management: A review, Waste management, 30(11) PP: 2336-2346. (In English)


9. Jalilzadeh, A; Ashrafi, S.D; Mahmoudian, M.H (2009). Investigation on the Management of Collection, Transportation and Principal Disposal of Medical Waste in West Azerbaijan Province. 12th National Conference on Environmental Health, Tehran, pp. 1991-1982. (In Persian)


10. Jozi, S.A; Dehghani, M; Zarei, M (2012). Presentation of A'WOT Method of Rural Waste Management (Case Study: Minab). Journal of Environmental Studies, Tehran, No. 64, pp. 103-93.(In Persian)


11. Lachiani, D; Yazdani, A; Gogonani, Ishaq; Javadi, M (2009). A New Experience in Rural Waste Management (Case Study of 72 Villages of Esfahan Fereidounshahr). 12th National Conference on Environmental Health, Tehran, pp. 435-424. (In Persian)


12. Mirtrabi, M.a; Shafiei, F; Rezvanfar, A (2013). Using Information Resources and Communication Channels in the Process of Acceptance of Comprehensive Rural Waste Management. Journal of Natural Environment (Iranian Journal of Natural Resources), No. 3, pp. 339-329. (In Persian)


13. Molai, Z; Bakhshi, M.R; Dabagh, A (2012). Solid Waste Management, a Step towards Sustainable Development Case Study: Zanjan County. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, No. 138, pp. 84-73. (In Persian)


14. Saeednia, A (2004). Municipal Solid Waste, Publications of Municipalities and Municipalities of Iran. Second Edition, Tehran. (In Persian)


15. Sharifzadeh, F (2009). Explaining Factors Affecting Improvement of Municipal Solid Waste Management Efficiency. Management Studies, Vol. 20, No. 60, Tehran, pp. 113-89(In Persian).


16. Taghvaee, M; Mousavi, M; Kazemizadeh, S.A.; Ghanbari, H (2012). Solid Waste Management, a Step towards Sustainable Development Case Study: Zanjan County. Regional Urban Studies and Research, Third Year, No. 12, pp. 41-60. (In Persian)


17. Takdastan, A; Pazaki, M; Baghvand, A (2008). Investigation of Different Methods of Hazardous Waste Management (Storage, Collection, Transportation, Treatment and Disposal). First Conference on Hazardous Materials Transport and Environmental Impacts Ann, Tehran, pp. 12-1. (In Persian)


18. Tarahomi, Z; Behzadian, K; Sheikhi, Z (2010). Waste Management Master Plan Studies: Challenges, bottlenecks. 5th National Waste Management Conference, Mashhad, pp. 7-1(In Persian).


19. Zazouli, M.A; Tayeban, S.M.R; Ballark, D (2013). Evaluation of the Quantity of Waste Produced in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and Investigation of Its Recyclability. Journal of Health and Development, Second Year, No. 2, pp. 93-83(In Persian).