Khajeh Nezam Ul-Molk and Siasat Nameh
محورهای موضوعی : مجله بین المللی علوم اجتماعی
1 - Associate Professor of History, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
کلید واژه: Khajeh Nezam Ul-Molk Toosi, Siasat nameh, Seljuk, political advice letter writing, idealistic Sultan,
چکیده مقاله :
Abstract
Some works in field of politics and political thoughts, emerged in context of Islam and Iran, and were changed into written form with the aim of how to learn to owners of powers or those people, who were involved in production, distribution and applications of power, to have suitable behavior in political life. In regard with naming these works, no agreement and consensus of ideas is existed. Sometimes, these works are interpreted as political advice letters; sometimes they would be described as political letter writing and sometimes eastern countries attempt to take benefit of "Ayeneh Shahryari" to express their mean. However, it seems that advice letter writing is more suitable for naming the group of works, since its can imply the destination and has also generality and comprehensiveness. The most brilliant political advice letter in mid history of Iran is the book "Siasat Nameh" or "Seir Al-Moluk" work of Khajeh Nezam Ul-Molk Toosi. Khajeh was born on 408 A.H (1017) in Radakan Village, one of the districts of Toos, in a peasant house. He was killed on 485 A.H (1092) near Kermanshah by one of the Ismaili devotees and probably as a result of provocation of Malek Shah. He was minister of Seljuk for 30 years. The present study aims at introducing and reviewing political-literary character of Khajeh and his brilliant work "Siasat Nameh".
Abstract
Some works in field of politics and political thoughts, emerged in context of Islam and Iran, and were changed into written form with the aim of how to learn to owners of powers or those people, who were involved in production, distribution and applications of power, to have suitable behavior in political life. In regard with naming these works, no agreement and consensus of ideas is existed. Sometimes, these works are interpreted as political advice letters; sometimes they would be described as political letter writing and sometimes eastern countries attempt to take benefit of "Ayeneh Shahryari" to express their mean. However, it seems that advice letter writing is more suitable for naming the group of works, since its can imply the destination and has also generality and comprehensiveness. The most brilliant political advice letter in mid history of Iran is the book "Siasat Nameh" or "Seir Al-Moluk" work of Khajeh Nezam Ul-Molk Toosi. Khajeh was born on 408 A.H (1017) in Radakan Village, one of the districts of Toos, in a peasant house. He was killed on 485 A.H (1092) near Kermanshah by one of the Ismaili devotees and probably as a result of provocation of Malek Shah. He was minister of Seljuk for 30 years. The present study aims at introducing and reviewing political-literary character of Khajeh and his brilliant work "Siasat Nameh".
References
1- Ghaderi Hatam, (2001), political thoughts in Islam and Iran, Tehran: SAMT Publications, third edition, p.122
2- Anthony Black, (2007), history of Islam's Political thought from age of Prophet Mohammad to now, travns. M.H Vaghar, Tehran: Publications of Information, second edition, p.143
3- Nezami Aruzi Samarghandi, (1909), 4 papers, by the efforts of Ghazvini Mohammad, Liden Brail, p.47 and Hindu Shah Nakhjavani, Tajareb Al-Self, by the efforts of Abbas Ighbal Ashtiani, Tehran: Tahuri Publications, p.266
4- Bayat Azizollah, (1991), generalities of Iran History, Tehran: National Heritage Institution with the cooperation of Hanafa Cultural Institute, p.191, Brack, p.143
5- Hamidi Seyyed Jafar, (1003), historians, Tehran: Publications of Shahid Beheshti University, p.100
6- Ghaderi, p.124
7- Black, p.144
8- R N Fry et al, (2006), Iran History Cambridge, vol.8, trans. Hassan Anusheh, Tehran: Amir Kabir Publications, 6th edition, vol.5, p.211
9- For more information about political events of age of Khajeh Nezam Ul-Molk and his biography, refer to: Nezami Aruzi Samarghandi, 4 papers, by the efforts of Ghazvini Mohammad, Liden Brail (1909); Abul Hassan Ali Ibn Zeid Beyhaghi, Beyhagh History, with efforts of Ahmad Bahmanyar, Tehran: Forughi (1982); Gharivghorios Abul Faraj Ahrun, short history of governments, trans: Mohammad Ali Tajpour and Heshmatollah Riyazi, Tehran: Information, 1985; Tajedin Abi Nasr Abdol Vahab Ibn Taghi Al-Din Soboki, Great Shafei Classes, 10 volumes in 6 volumes, by efforts of Abdol Fattah Mohamamd Al-Helv and Mahmud Mohammad Al-Tanahi, Beirut: Isa Al-Babi Al-Halbi, 1966, vol.4; Abu Faraj Abdorahman Ibn Ali Ibn Mohammad Ibn Juzy, collection of history of societies and governors, vol.19, with efforts of Mohammad Abdol Ghader Ata and Mostafa Abdol Ghader Ata Beirut: Center of Academic Books, 1992, vol.16; Khajeh Rashid Aldin Fazlollah Hamadani, Jame Al-Tavarikh chapter of Ismailian and Mohamamd Taghi Danesh Pazhuh anf Mohammad Modarresi Zanjani Tehran: Institution of Translation and publications of Books, (1977); Hindu Shah Nakhjavani, Tajareb Al-Self, with effort of Abbas Ighbal Ashtiani, Tehran: Tahuri, 1998; Zahir Al-din Neishaburi, Seljuknameh, effort of Mohamamd Ramazani, Tehran: Kolaleh Khavar, 1953; Sadredin Ibn Ali Hosseini, events of Seljuk government, effort of Mohamamd Ighbal, Beirut: Center for new horizons, 1984; Seif Al-din Haji Ibn Nezam Aghili, works of ministers, effort of Mir Jalal al-din Hosseini Armavi, Tehran: Publications of Tehran University, 1958; Ez Al-Din Abi Al-Hassan Ali Ibn Abi Al-Akram Mohamamd Ibn Abdol karim Abdol vahed Sheibani, Al-kamel Fi Tarikh, 14 volumes in 13 volumes, efforts of Carol Thornburg, vol.10; Naser Al-din Monshi Kermani, Nasaem Al-Ashar men Lataem Al-Akhbar, effort of Mir Jalal Al-din Hossein Armavi, Tehran: Publications of Tehran University, 1957; Emad Al-din Mohammad Ibn Hamed Isfahani, history of Seljuk government, Beirut: center of new horizons, 1978; Bandary Isfahani, history of Seljuk era, trans. Mohammad Hosseini Jalili, Tehran: institution of Iran Culture, 1977; Mohammad IbnAli Ibn Mohammad Shabankarei, Maja Al-Ansab, efforts of Mir Hashem Mohaddes, Tehran: Amir Kabir, 1984; History and narratives, efforts of Maleko Shoara Bahar, Tehran: Kolaleh Khavar, 1939; Mohammad Ibn Suleiman Ravandi, Rah Al-Sodur and Aya Al-Sorur, effort of Mohammad Ighbal, Tehran: Amir Kabir, 1985; Amir Mohammad Ibn Seyyed Borhan Al-din Khavand Shah Balkhi, Roza Al-Safa, 6 volumes in 2 volumes, Tehran: Academic Publications, 1994, vol.4; Abul Abbas Shamsedin Ahmad Ibn Mohammad Ibn Abi Bakr, Ibn Khalkan, Vafiat Al-A'ayan va Anba Abna Al-Zaman, 5 volumes, effort of ihsan Abbas, Beirut: Dar Al-Sader, 1969, vol.2; Shamsedin Mohammad Ibn Ahmad Ibn Osman Zahabi, Seir Al-An'am Al-Nabla, 25 volumes, efforts of Shoaib Al-Arnut, Beirut: center for thesis, 1986; vol.19
10- Black, p.176
11- Ibid, pp.145-146
12- Abu Ali Hassan Toosi (Khajeh Nezam Ul-Molk), Siar Al-Moluk (Siasatnameh), effort of Hibert Dark, Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publications, 1999, 4th edition, p.3-4
13- Ibid, p.4
14- Ibid, p.3
15- Ibid
16- Ibid, p.4
17- Ibid
18- Ibid
19- Hamidi, p.102
20- For more information, refer to works of Seyyed Javad Tabatabayi, especially his work "Khajeh Nezam Ul-Molk"
21- Aghta was a conditional ownership, which used to be transferred for limited or unlimited period against military and courtier services to armies and courtiers. For more information, refer to A.K S Lembton, owner and farmer in Iran, trans. Manuchehr Amiri, Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publications, 1998, 4th edition, p.120-162
22- Bayat, p.192
23- Hibert Dark, introduction of editor, Siar Al-Moluk, p.22
24- Khajeh Nezam Ul-Molk, p.19, 30, 322
25- Ibid, p.245
26- Ibid, p.18
27- Ibid, p.171
28- Ibid, 172
29- Ibid, p.14
30- Ibid, p.256 and 320
31- Ibid, p.320
32- Ibid, 319
33- Ibid, p.283
