بهبود خصوصیات کمی و کیفی دانه سویا در شرایط تنش رطوبتی با استفاده از میکوریزا و کود روی
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
پویا سهرابی نور
1
(دانشجوي سابق کارشناسي ارشد اکولوژي گیاهان زراعی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزي، دانشگاه بوعلي سينا، همدان، ایران)
محمدعلي ابوطالبيان
2
(دانشيار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزي، دانشگاه بوعلي سينا، همدان، ایران)
جواد حمزه ئی
3
(دانشيار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزي، دانشگاه بوعلي سينا، همدان، ایران)
کلید واژه: تعداد غلاف در بوته, درصد روغن, درصد پروتئین, عملکرد دانه, غلظت روی,
چکیده مقاله :
به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تلقیح قارچ میکوریزا و شیوه مصرف کود سولفات روی بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات زراعی دانه سویا آزمایشی در شرایط تنش رطوبتی انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک¬های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش عبارت بودند از تنش رطوبتی در سه سطح آبیاری پس از 60 ،۹۰ و ۱۲۰ میلیمتر تبخیر از تشت تبخیر کلاس A، شیوه مصرف کود سولفات روی با سه روش محلول‌پاشی، مصرف خاکی و عدم مصرف کود، قارچ میکوریزا (Glomus mosseae) در دو سطح کاربرد و عدم کاربرد بود. نتایج نشان داد محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی در همه ترکیبات تیماری به جز تنش شدید رطوبت و شرایط عدم کاربرد میکوریزا به¬طور معنیداری نسبت به مصرف خاکی آن منجر به افزایش تعداد غلاف در بوته، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه و غلظت روی دانه شد. کاربرد میکوریزا سبب افزایش 19/5 درصدی تعداد دانه در غلاف، 17 درصدی شاخص برداشت و 5/1 درصدی روغن دانه شد. در شرایط عدم کاربرد میکوریزا بین مصرف و عدم مصرف خاکی سولفات روی تفاوت از نظر عملکرد دانه وجود نداشت. در پژوهش حاضر تنش ملایم رطوبت در مقایسه شرایط عدم تنش، سبب افزایش درصد پروتئین دانه شد و بالاترین میزان آن (41%) تحت شرایط تنش متوسط رطوبت و کاربرد میکوریزا و محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی به¬دست آمد. بیشترین غلظت روی دانه (33/8 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) نیز از تیمار عدم تنش رطوبت تحت شرایط کاربرد میکوریزا و محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی حادث شد. به‌طورکلی می‌توان عملکرد، درصدهای روغن و پروتئین و مقدار روی دانه سویا را با کاربرد همزمان میکوریزا و محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی بهویژه تحت شرایط تنش رطوبت بهبود بخشید.
In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza inoculation and application method of zinc sulfate fertilizer on yield and some agronomic characteristics of soybean, an experiment was conducted under water stress conditions. This factorial experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Bu-Ali Sina University. Experimental factors were water stress at three irrigation levels after 60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from the class A evaporation pan; application method of zinc sulfate fertilizer with three levels of foliar feeding, soil application and no-fertilizer and mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae) in two levels of application and non-application. The results showed that foliar feeding of zinc sulfate in all treatments except severe moisture stress and no-mycorrhiza conditions better than soil application of zinc sulfate led to a significant increase in the number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, grain yield and zinc concentration. Mycorrhiza increased the number of seeds per pod by 19.5%, harvest index by 17% and seed oil by 5.1%. In the absence of mycorrhiza, there was no difference in grain yield between soil application and non-consumption of zinc sulfate. Moderate moisture stress compared to non-stress conditions increased the grain protein percentage and the highest value (41%) was obtained under moderate moisture stress conditions and mycorrhiza and zinc sulfate foliar feeding. The highest concentration of grain zinc (33.8 mg.kg-1) was obtained from non-stress moisture treatment under the conditions of mycorrhiza and foliar feeding of zinc sulfate In general, yield, oil and protein percentages and zinc content of soybean can be improved by the simultaneous application of mycorrhiza and zinc sulfate foliar application, especially under conditions of moisture stress.
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