اثرات مستقل و توام منطقه و مس بر خصوصیات مورفولوژی، محتوای کلروفیل و گیاه پالایی گیاه خرفه (Portulaca oleracea) (مطالعه موردی: مراتع معدن مس عسکری راور)
محورهای موضوعی : مورفوفیزیولوژیکی
منصوره تشکری زاده
1
,
الهام مهرابی گوهری
2
,
نرگس حاتمی
3
1 - عضو هیات علمی بخش جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی
2 - 2- عضو هیات علمی بخش خاک و آب، مرکز تحقيقات کشاورزی و منابع طبيعي کرمان، سازمان تحقيقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران.
3 - عضو هیات علمی موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: انتقال بیولوژیکی, تجمع زیستی, گیاهان دارویی, وزن خشک,
چکیده مقاله :
اصلاح خاکهای آلوده به فلزات سنگین با سطح آلودگی زیاد به یکی از مشکلات اساسی در جهان تبدیل شده است. گیاه پالایی، یکی از امیدوار کننده¬ترین روشهای اصلاح محسوب میشود که امروزه در سراسر جهان مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. عوامل محیطی نیز در میزان پالایش عناصر سنگین توسط گیاهان و استقرار انواع مختلف گونه¬های دارویی با قابلیتهای متفاوت نقش دارند. در مطالعه حاضر اثرات مستقل و توام منطقه (R1، R2، R3 و R4) و غلظتهای مختلف عنصر مس (شاهد، 50، 150، 300 و 400 میلی¬گرم بر کیلو¬گرم) بر طول و وزن خشک، محتوای کلروفیل، میزان جذب و توزیع عنصر مس، فاکتور های انتقال بیولوژیکی (TF) و تجمع زیستی (BAF) در ریشه و اندام هوایی گیاه خرفه آزموده شد. بذر گیاه خرفه از چهار منطقه با غلظتهای 50، 150، 300 و 400 میلیگرم مس در کیلوگرم خاک از معدن مس عسکری راور در استان کرمان جمع¬آوری و در شرایط گلخانه کشت شد. مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که سطح بحرانی مس (میلیگرم در کیلوگرم) برای کاهش صفات مورفولوژی و محتوای کلروفیل در خرفه در مقایسه با رشد بهینه، غلظت 300 برای مناطق R1 و R2 و غلظت 400 برای مناطق R3 و R4 بود. گیاهان رشد یافته از بذور جمع¬آوری شده از مناطق R3 و R4 سطوح بالاتری از غلظت مس را توانستند تحمل کنند و صفات مورفولوژی و محتوای کلروفیل بیشتری را در غلظتهای بالای مس نشان دادند. فاکتور تجمع بیولوژیکی، در محدوده 6/1 تا 41/9 در ریشه و در محدوده 07/1 تا 8/6 در اندام هوایی و فاکتور انتقال بیولوژیکی در محدوده 56/0 تا 73/0 متغیر بود که این نتایج گیاه خرفه را به عنوان یک گیاه بیش انباشتگر و تثبیت کننده زیستی فلز مس در منطقه مورد مطالعه معرفی میکند.
Remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals has become one of the major problems in the world. Plant-remediation is one of the most promising breeding methods that has received attention all over the world today. Environmental factors also play a role in the degree of purification of heavy elements by plants and establishment of different types of medicinal species with different capabilities. In the present study, the independent and combined effects of the region (R1, R2, R3 and R4) and different concentrations of copper element (control, 50, 150, 300 and 400 mg/kg) on length and dry weight, chlorophyll content, the amount of absorption and distribution of copper element, biological transfer factor (TF) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) in roots and shoots of purslane was tested. Purslane seeds were collected from four regions with concentrations of 50, 150, 300 and 400 mg of copper per kilogram of soil from Askari Raver copper mine in Kerman province and cultivated under greenhouse conditions. The present study showed that the critical level of copper (mg/kg) for reducing morphological traits and chlorophyll content in purslane compared to optimal growth was 300 for R1 and R2 regions and 400 for R3 and R4 regions. Plants grown from seeds collected from R3 and R4 regions were able to tolerate higher levels of copper concentration and showed more morphological traits and chlorophyll content in high copper concentrations. The biological accumulation factor was in the range of 1.6 to 9.41 in the root and in the range of 1.07 to 6.8 in the shoot and the biological transfer factor was in the range of 0.56 to 0.73, which made the results of purslane plant as The title introduces a plant that accumulates and biostabilizes copper metal in the studied area.
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