امکان سنجی مهار علف های هرز و افزایش عملکرد با کشت مخلوط (مطالعه موردی: گل همیشه بهار با ماش)
محورهای موضوعی :کلید واژه: زیست توده, نسبت برابری زمین, وزن خشک گل, تراکم مطلوب, رقابت بین‌گونه‌ای, کشت خالص,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور مطالعه تأثیر کشت مخلوط همیشه بهار با ماش بر عملکرد و بیوماس علف‌های‌هرز آزمایشی در سال 1392 در تبریز به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی و دو فاکتور شامل دو رقم همیشه بهار پُرپَر و کم پر و کشت مخلوط آن ها با ماش در نسبت های صفر، 5/12، 25، 5/37 و 50% تراکم مطلوب انجام شد. در کرت های رقم کم پَر، علف های هرز توانایی رشد کمتری نسبت به رقم پُرپَر داشتند. وقتی ماش با 5/37% تراکم مطلوب کاشته شد، وزن خشک گل همیشه بهار افزایش یافت. بیشترین وزن خشک گل از دو تیمار کشت خالص و کشت مخلوط ماش با 5/37% تراکم مطلوب آن در کشت مخلوط با همیشه بهار و به ترتیب برابر با 5/103 و 8/95 گرم در متر مربع حاصل گردید. در سیستم های کاشت 25%، 5/37% و 50% ماش به همراه 100% همیشه بهار بیشترین عملکرد دانه ماش به ترتیب برابر با 2/37، 9/39 و 6/41 گرم در متر مربع حاصل شد. در تمامی تیمارها به جز تیمار کاشت مخلوط همیشه بهار پرپر با ماش در تراکم 5/12% نسبت برابری زمین بیشتر از واحد بود. با توجه به بهبود شاخص نسبت برابری زمین در کشت مخلوط گل همیشه بهار کم پَر با ماش در تراکم های مختلف آن و نیز در کشت مخلوط رقم پُرپَر با ماش در تراکم های بیش از 25% و عدم وجود تفاوت معنی دار در مقدار این شاخص در تراکم های مذکور کشت مخلوط ارقام کم پَر و پُرپَر گل همیشه بهار با ماش به ترتیب در نسبت های 5/12% و 25% تراکم مطلوب آن توصیه می شود.
This study was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran, during 2013 in split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design in three replications to study the effect of marigold and mungbean intercropping on yield and weeds biomass. Treatments consisted of two cultivars of marigold (Kampar, Porpar) sowed with mungbean in 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50% ratios of optimum density. Weeds in Porpar cultivar plots had higher growth potential than Kampar cultivar. When mungbean was sown with 37.5% of optimum density, dry weight of marigold increased significantly. The highest dry weight of marigold obtained from two treatments with marigold sole cropping and intercropping with mungbean at 37.5% of optimum density which was 103.5 and 95.8 gm-2, respectively. The highest amount of mungbean seed yields obtained from planting systems of 25% mungbean+100% marigold, 37.5% mungbean+100% marigold and 50% mungbean+100% marigold which were 37.2, 39.9 and 41.6 g m-2, respectively. The land equivalent ratio in all treatments except for 12.5% mungbean+100% marigold was higher than the unit. Because of the improvement of land equivalent ratio index in marigold Kampar intercropped with different densities of mungbean plots and also in marigold Porpar intercropped with densities higher than 25% of mungbean plots, and lack of significant difference in the amount of this index between mentioned densities, it is recommended to intercrop 12.5% mungbean+100% marigold in Kampar cultivar and 25% mungbean+100% marigold in Porpar cultivar
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