اثر اسیدسالیسیلیک بر صفات عملکرد و میزان آسمولایت های تربچه (Raphanus sativus L.) در شرایط تنش رطوبتی
محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعیمژگان قنبری 1 , محسن فرزانه 2 , علیرضا افتخاریان جهرمی 3 , شورانگیز جوانمردی 4
1 - دانشآموخته کارشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شیراز، گروه علوم باغبانی، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان، شیراز، ایران.
2 - دانشآموخته کارشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شیراز، گروه علوم باغبانی، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان، شیراز، ایران.
3 - استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شیراز، گروه علوم باغبانی، شیراز، ایران.
4 - محقق دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شیراز، گروه علوم باغبانی، شیراز، ایران.
کلید واژه: تنش رطوبتی, تربچه, اسیدسالیسیلیک, آسمولایت,
چکیده مقاله :
خشکی یکی از تنش های محیطی مهم است که بر رشد و نمو گیاهان آثار مخرب و زیان آوری وارد می سازد. یکی از روش های مقابله با اثرات مضر این تنش، استفاده از تنظیم کننده های رشد گیاهی مانند اسیدسالیسیلیک می باشد. بدین منظور، این پژوهش بهمنظور بررسی اثر اسیدسالیسیلیک روی صفات عملکرد و میزان آسمولایت های تربچه رقم تجاری Radish cherry belle انجام شد. آزمایش بهصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شیراز در سال 1390 انجام شد. پس از گسترده شدن دومین برگ حقیقی تربچه، تنش رطوبتی به صورت کشت گلدانی با خاک رسی شنی اعمال گردید. تنش رطوبتی در سه سطح: آبیاری به فاصله یک روز (شاهد)، سه روز (تنش ملایم) و پنج روز (تنش شدید) و اسیدسالیسیلیک در سه سطح: صفر، یک و دو میلیمولار اعمال شد. جهت بررسی صفات عملکرد شامل: طول، قطر، وزن و سفتی بافت هیپوکوتیل (بخش زیر زمینی و خوراکی تربچه) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین برای بررسی اثر اسیدسالیسیلیک بر میزان آسمولایت ها (پرولین و کربوهیدرات های محلول) در شرایط تنش رطوبتی بهترتیب برگ پنجم و ششم بوتهها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. اثر متقابل تنش رطوبتی و اسیدسالیسیلیک بر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی معنی دار شد. در مجموع نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که محلولپاشی با غلظت دو میلیمولار اسیدسالیسیلیک میتواند اثر منفی ناشی از تنش رطوبتی را در گیاه تربچه کاهش دهد.
Possibility of reducing drought stress adverse effects on yield and osmolate content of radish (var. Radish cherry bell) by application a plant growth regulator, salicylic acid, was studied in Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars province, Iran in 2012. Experiment was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications under a long-term drought stress condition (45 days). Radish seeds were planted in pots with sandy-clay soil and drought stress was applied after two leaf stage. Factors were drought stress at three levels of one-day (normal), three-days (mild stress) and five-days (severe stress) irrigation intervals and salicylic acid at three levels (0, 1 and 2 mM). Yeild traits including length, diameter and weight of hypocotyl (under ground eatable part) and osmolates (prolin and soluble carbohydrates) were measured. The results showed that interaction effect of drought stress and salicylic acid was significant on all the studied traits. Sever stress condition caused a considerable reduction in hypocotyl length and diameter. Foliar application of salicylic acid 2 mM caused higher osmolate rates and it reduced the adverse effect of drought stress on radish yield.
Bates LS, Waldern RP, Teare ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil 39: 205-207.
Blum A (2005) Drought resistance, water-use efficiency, and yield potential are compatible, dissonant or mutually exclusive? Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56: 1159–1168.
Boggess SF, Stewart CR, Aspinall D, Paleg LG (1976) Effect of water stress on proline synthesis from radioactive precursors. Plant Physiology 58: 398-401.
Chaves MM, Flexas J, Pinherio C (2009) Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant. Annals of Botany 103: 551-560.
Cheong YH, Pandey KN, Gupta GK, Grant R JJ, Luan S (2003) CLBI, a calcium sensor that differentially regulates salt, drought, and cold responses in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell 15: 1833-1845.
Chu TM, Aspinall D, Paleg LG (1974) Stress metabolism. VI. Temperature stress and accumulation of proline in barley leaves . Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 1: 87-97.
Dat JF, Lopez-Delgado H, Foyer CH, Scott IM (1998) Parallel changes in H2O2 and catalase during thermo-tolerance induced by salicylic acid or heat acclimation in mustard seedlings. Plant Physical 116: 1351-1357.
Giron J, Marsal J, Arbones A, Miravete C (1993) Evaluation of almond seasonal sensitivity to water stress. Acta Horticulturae 449:489-496.
Girousse C, Bournvill R, Bonnenmain JH (1996) Water deficit induced changes in concentrations in proline and some other amino acids in the phloem sap of alfalfa. Plant Physiology 111: 109-133.
Gutierrez-Coronado M, Trejo CL, Larque-Saavedra A (1998) Effects of salicylic acid on the growth of roots and shoots in soybean. Plant Physiology Biochemistry 36: 563-565.
Hamilton PT, Slatter MC (1947) Levulins and Inulin in guayule, Parthenium argentatum Gray. Plant Physiology 22: 77-87.
Handa S, Handa AK, Hasegawa PM, Bressan RA (1986) Proline accumulation and the adaptation of cultured plant cells to water stress. Plant Physiology 80: 938-945.
Hanson AD, Nelson CE, Everson EH (1977) Influence of free proline accumulation as an index of drought resistance using two contrasting barley cultivars. Crop Science 17: 720-726.
Kadioglu A, Saruhan N, Saglam A, Terzi R, Acet TE (2011) Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates effects of long term drought stress and delays leaf rolling by inducing antioxidant system. Plant Growth Regular 64: 27-37.
Kang HM, Saltveit ME (2002) Reduced chilling tolerance in elongating cucumber seedling radicles is relation to their reduced antioxidant enzyme and DPPH-radical scavenging activity. Physiologia Plantarum 115: 244–250.
Khodary SEA (2004) Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in salt stressed maize plant. International Journal of Biology 6: 5-8.
Levit J (1980) Responses of plant to environmental stresses. Vol II, the second edition. Academic Press. London, U.K. 947 pp.
Marsal J, Girona J, Mata M (1997) Leaf water relation parameters in almonds compared to hazelnut trees during a deficit irrigation period. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science 122: 582-587.
Mayak S, Meir S, Ben Sade H, Nell TA, Clark DG (2001) The effect of transient water stress on suger metabolism and development of cut flowers. Acta Horticulture 543: 191-194.
Mc Michael BL, Elmore CD (1977) Prolin accumulation in water stressed cotton leaves. Crop Science 17: 905-908.
Metwally A, Finkemeier I, Georgi M, Dietz KJ (2003) Salicylic acid alleviated the cadmium toxicity in barley seedling. Physiology and Biochemistry of Plant 132: 272-281.
Nunes C, Santos C, Pinto G, Silva S, Lopez-da-silva JA, Saraiva JA, Coimbra MA (2009) Effects of ripening on microstructure and texture of Ameixad d'Elvas candied plums. Food Chemistry 115: 1094-1101.
Orcutt DM, Nilse ET (2000) The physiology of plants under stress, soil and biotic factor. John Wiley, New York. 684 pp.
Petropoulos SA, Dimitra D, Polissiou MG, Passam HC )2008( The effect of water deficit stress on the growth, yield and composition of essential oils of parsley. Scientia Horticulture 115: 393-397.
Popova L, Pancheva T, Uzunova A (1997) Salicylic acid: properties, biosynthesis and physiological role. Plant Physiology 23: 85-93.
Rontein D, Basset G, Hanson AD (2002) Metabolic engineering of osmoprotectant accumulation in plants. Metabolic Engineering 4: 49- 56.
Royo C, Aparicio N, Blanco R, Villegas D (2004) Leaf and green area development of durum wheat genotypes grown under Mediterranean conditions. European Agronomy Journal 20: 419-430.
Safarnejad A (2004) Characterization of somaclones of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) for drought tolerance. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 6: 121-127.
Serraj R, Sinclair TR (2002) Osmolyte accumulation: Can it really help increase crop yield under drought conditions? Plant Cell Environmental 25: 333 -341.
Senatena T (2003) Acetyl salicylic (Aspirin) and salicylic acid induced multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plant. Plant Growth Regulation 30:157-161.
Shakirova FM, Bezrukova MV (1997) Induction of wheat resistance against environmental salinization by salicylic acid. Biology Bulletin 24: 109-112.
Singh B, Usha K (2003) Salicylic acid induced physiological and biochemical changes in wheat seedlings under water stress. Plant Growth Regular 39: 137-141.
Sircelj H, Tausz M, Grill D, Batic F (2005) Biochemical responses in leaves of two apple tree cultivars subjected to progressing drought. Journal of Plant Physiology 162: 1308-1318.
Stewart CR, Hanson AD (1980) Proline accumulatin as a metabolic response to water stress. In: Turner NC, Kramer PJ (eds.), Adaptation of plant to water and temperature stress. John Willey & Sons. New York, U.S.A. 173-189.
Subbaro G, Nam NH, Chauhan YS, Johansen C (2000). Oosmotic adjustment, water relation and carbohydrate remobilization in pigeonpea under water deficits. Journal of Plant Physiology 157: 651- 659.
Tasgin E, Atic O, Nalbantoglu B (2003) Effect of salicylic acid on freezing tolerance in winter wheat leaves. Plant Growth Regular 41: 231-236.
Wu R, Garg A (2003) Engineernig rice plants with trehalose producing genes improves tolerance to drought, salt and low temperature. ISB News Report, February 2003.
Xu YC, Zhang JB, Jiang QA, Zhou LY, Miao HB (2006) Effects of water stress on the growth of Lonicera japonica and quality of honeysuckle. Zhong Yao Cai 29: 420-423.
Zalai G, Tari I, Janda T, Pestenácz A, Páldi E (2000) Effects of cold acclimation and salicylic acid on changes in ACC and MACC contents in maize during chilling. Biology of Plant 43: 637-640.
_||_