اثر زئولیت بر کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی در ارقام مختلف کلزا در شرایط اقلیمی فیروزکوه
محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی
1 - باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد فیروزکوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزکوه، ایران
کلید واژه: استرس خشکی, تنش آبی, رژیم آبیاری, سوپرجاذب, قطع آبیاری,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور تعیین نقش زئولیت در کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی در چند رقم کلزا، آزمایش مزرعه ای در شرایط اقلیمی فیروزکوه به صورت فاکتوریل کرت خرد شده در قالب طرحبلوک های کامل تصادفی در منطقه فیروزکوه انجام شد. ارقام کلزا شامل Kr18، Karaj1، Ks12، Goliath، Hyola401، Karaj2، Eagle، SW، Come و Hyola420 بودند. دو عامل میزان آبیاری و کاربرد یا عدم کاربرد زئولیت در کرت های اصلی و ارقام کلزا در کرت های فرعی قرار گرفتند. آبیاری در سه سطح شامل آبیاری معمول، قطع آبیاری از مرحله گلدهی و خورجین دهی انجام شد. زئولیت به میزان 8 تن در هکتار قبل از کاشت همراه با شخم اولیه، توزین و به خاک اضافه شد. اجزای عملکرد تحت شرایط تنش خشکی کاهش یافت و منجر به کاهش عملکرد دانه گردید. کاربرد زئولیت منجر به افزایش عملکرد دانه و روغن دانه شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در آبیاری مطلوب بدون توجه به کاربرد زئولیت به دست آمد. در شرایط کاربرد زئولیت رقم Kr18 بیشترین عملکرد را به خود اختصاص داد ولی در صورت عدم استفاده از زئولیت رقم Eagle گزینه مناسب تری بود. در شرایط تنش آبی، استفاده از زئولیت برای جلوگیری از کاهش عملکرد، توصیه می شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
To investigate the effect zeolite application in alleviation of drought stress in some rapeseed cultivars, a field experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design in factorial-split plot experiment in Firoozkooh, Iran climate condition. Rapeseed cultivars consist of Kr18, Karaj1, Ks12, Goliath, Hyola401, Karaj2, Eagle, SW, Comet and Hyola420. Two factors including irrigation levels and zeolite application were placed in main plots and rapeseed cultivars assigned in subplots. Irrigation was applied in three levels of normal irrigation, irrigation cutting-off in flowering and podding stages. Zeolite applied as pre-plant in 8 tons/ha rate along with initial plowing adding to the soil. The yield components decreased under drought stress conditions and ultimately led to a significant decrement in seed yield. Application of zeolite resulted in increasing of seed yield and seed oil content. The highest seed yield was obtained in normal irrigation regardless of zeolite application. In zeolite application cases, the Kr18 cultivar had the highest yield, Eagle cultivar was better in case of zeolite lack. Therefore, in drought stress condition, it is recommended to use zeolite to prevent seed yield losses in rapeseed cultivars.
منابع و مأخذ:
Ahmadi M, Javidfar F (2000) The methods of evaluation and modification of drought resistance in oilseed species of Brazilian genus. Agricultural Research and Training Organization Publications: Tehran. [in Persian]
Angadi SV (2003) Yield adjustment by canola grown at different by plant population under semiarid condition. Crop Science 43(4):1357- 1366.
Banj-shafiee SH (2002) The effects of super absorb about soil moisture increasing fertilizer efficiency, plant establishment Panicum antidotatea. Final project report, Desert Research Department, Forestry and Rangeland Research Institute: Tehran, Iran. [in Persian]
Bengtsson A (1988) Current winter rape cultivars. Aktulla Hostrapssorter Svensk Frotidning 57:115-117.
Faraji A, Latifi N, Soltani A, Shirani A (2008) Effect of planting date and irrigation on dry matter accumulation, yield and harvest index of two canola varieties. Journal of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences 15(6): 95-107. [in Persian with English abstract]
Fowler D, Downey R (1970) Lipid and morphological changes in developing rapeseed Brassica napus L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 50(3): 223-247.
Francois L (1994) Growth, seed yield, and oil contents of canola grown under saline conditions. Agronomy Journal 86(1):230-237.
Ghosh R, Bandyopadhyay P, Mukhopadhyay N (1994) Performance of rapeseed-mustard cultivars under various moisture regimes on the GangeticAlluvial plain of West Bengal. Journal of AgronomyandCropSciences 173(1): 5-10.
Harb E, Mahmoud M (2009) Enhancing of growth, essential oil yield and components of yarrow plant (Achillea Millefolium) growth under safe agriculture conditions using zeolite and compost. Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Recent Technologies in Agriculture. Giza, Egypt.
Hashem A, Majumdar N, Hamid A, Hossein M (1998) Drought stress effects on seed yield, yield attributes, growth, cell membrane stability and gas exchange of synthesized Brassica napus. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Sciences 180(3): 129-136.
Hekmat-Shoar H (1993) Plant physiology under difficult conditions. Niknam Publisher: Tabriz. [in Persian]
Iran Metrological Organization (2016) Final report, Firoozkooh Metrological Statistics: Firoozkooh, Iran. [in Persian]
Jones H (1993) Drought tolerance and water use efficiency. In: Water Deficits, Griffits H (eds) pp: 193-219.
Kafi M, Zand M, Kamkar B, Sharifi H, Goldani M (2000) Plant physiology (2nd edition), Mashhad University Press, Mashhad. [in Persian]
Keiller D, Morgan D (1988) Effect of pod removal and plant growth regulations on the growth, development and carbon assimilate distribution in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). The Journal of Agricultural Science 111(2): 357-362.
Khoshnazar P, Ahmadi M, Ghanandha M (2000) A study of adaptation and yield capacity of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars and lines. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 31(2): 341-352.
Khoshbakht D, Baninasad B (2007) Application of zeolite improved growth characteristics and yield of radish. Proceedings of the 5th Iranian Horticultural Science Congress. Shiraz. Iran. [in Persian]
Krogman K, Hobbs E (1975) Yield and morphological response of rape (Brassica campestris L. cv. Span) to irrigation and fertilizer treatments. Canadian JournalofPlant Science 55(4): 903-909.
Latifi N (1995) Effects of moisture deficiency on morphological characteristics, dry matter production and harvest index in the stages before and after flowering of canola. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 2(2): 83-71. [in Persian with English abstract]
Maliwal G, Thakkar K, Sonani V, Patel P, Trivedi S (1998) Response of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) to irrigation and fertilization. Annals of Agricultural Sciences 19(2): 353-355.
Mendham N, Salisbury P (1995) Physiology, Crop development, growth and yield. In ‘Brassica Oilseeds Production and Utilization. Kimber DS, McGregor DI (eds). CAB International: Wallingford.
Moran J, Becana M, Frechilla S (1994) Drought induces oxidative stress in pea plants. Planta 194: 346-352.
Munir M, Mc Neilly T (1992) Comparison of variation in yield and yield components in forage and winter oilseed rape. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research 13(3): 289-292
Nasiri M (2004) Investigating the interaction of nutrient elements and drought stress in canola cultivars PhD thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Faculty of Agriculture: Tehran, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
Nielsen D, Janick J (1996) Potential of canola as a dryland crop in Northeastern Colorado. In: Janick (ed). Progress in New Crops. ASHS Press: Alexandria.
Niknam S, Turner D (1999) Physiological aspects of drought tolerance in Brassica napus and Brassica Juncea. Proceedings of the 10th International Rapeseed Congress. Camberra. Australia.
Niknam S, Ma Q, Turner D (2003) Osmatic adjustment and Seed yield of Brassica napus and B. juncea genotypes in a water-limited environment in South-Western Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43(9): 1127-1135.
Pannu R, Singh D, Singh P, Sangwan V, Chaudhury B (1992) Effect of moisture stress on growth, partitioning of biomass and harvest index of oilseed Brassica. Crop Research 56: 31-34.
Pazoki A (2010) Amount of zeolite and water stress on yield, yield components and harvest index of canola in the Shahr-e Rey. Journal of Agronomy 6(1): 1-16. [in Persian with English abstract]
Polat E, Karaca M, Demir H, Naci A (2004) Use of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) in agriculture. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research 12: 183-189.
Poma I, Venezia G, Gristina L (1999) Rapeseed (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera D.C.) echophysiological and agronomical aspects as affected by soil water availability. Proceedings of the 10th International Rapeseed Congress. Canberra. Australia.
Rakow G, McGregor D (1975) Oil fatty acid and chlorophyll accumulation in developing seeds of two 'linolenic acid lines’ of two low erucic acid rapeseed. Canadian JournalofPlant Science55(1): 197-203
Rao M, Mendham N (1991) Soil- plant-water relations of Brassica campestris L. Journal of Agricultural Science 117: 197-205.
Reddy C, Reddy P (1998) Performance of mustard varieties on alfisoils of Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh. Journal of Oilseed Research 15: 379-380.
Sadaqat H, Nadeem-Tahir M, Tanveer-Hussain M (2003) Physiogenetic aspects of drought tolerance in canola (Brassica napus). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 4: 611-614.
Sana M, Ali A, Asghar Malik M, Farrukh Saleem M, Rafiq M (2003) Comparative yield potential and oil contents of different canola cultivars (Brassica napus L.). Pakistan Journal of Agronomy 2(1): 1-7.
Sangtarash MH, Qaderi MM, Chinnappa C, Reid DM (2009) Differential sensitivity of canola (Brassica napus) seedling to ultraviolent-B radiation, water stress and Abscisic acid. Environmental and Experimental Botany 66(2): 212-219.
Schulze J (1974) Root development of wheat at the flowering stage under different cultural practices. Agricultural Research 1: 12-17.
Shekari F (2001) The investigation of drought stress on phenology, water relations, growth, yield and quality of rapeseed. PhD thesis, Tabriz University, faculty of agriculture: Tabriz, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
Shirani A (2000) Physiological study of tolerance to drought stress in canola cultivars. Final project report, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute: Karaj, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
Shirani A (2001) The evaluation of colza plant response to the amount of moisture and nitrogen in applying and non-applying zeolite condition. Journal of Crop Eco-Physiology 3(4): 296-306. [in Persian with English abstract]
Triboi-Blondel A, Renard M (1999) Effect of temperature and water stress on fatty acid composition of rapeseed oil (Brassica napus L.) Proceedings of the 10th International Rapeseed Congress. Erina, Australia.
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Ahmadi M, Javidfar F (2000) The methods of evaluation and modification of drought resistance in oilseed species of Brazilian genus. Agricultural Research and Training Organization Publications: Tehran. [in Persian]
Angadi SV (2003) Yield adjustment by canola grown at different by plant population under semiarid condition. Crop Science 43(4):1357- 1366.
Banj-shafiee SH (2002) The effects of super absorb about soil moisture increasing fertilizer efficiency, plant establishment Panicum antidotatea. Final project report, Desert Research Department, Forestry and Rangeland Research Institute: Tehran, Iran. [in Persian]
Bengtsson A (1988) Current winter rape cultivars. Aktulla Hostrapssorter Svensk Frotidning 57:115-117.
Faraji A, Latifi N, Soltani A, Shirani A (2008) Effect of planting date and irrigation on dry matter accumulation, yield and harvest index of two canola varieties. Journal of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences 15(6): 95-107. [in Persian with English abstract]
Fowler D, Downey R (1970) Lipid and morphological changes in developing rapeseed Brassica napus L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 50(3): 223-247.
Francois L (1994) Growth, seed yield, and oil contents of canola grown under saline conditions. Agronomy Journal 86(1):230-237.
Ghosh R, Bandyopadhyay P, Mukhopadhyay N (1994) Performance of rapeseed-mustard cultivars under various moisture regimes on the GangeticAlluvial plain of West Bengal. Journal of AgronomyandCropSciences 173(1): 5-10.
Harb E, Mahmoud M (2009) Enhancing of growth, essential oil yield and components of yarrow plant (Achillea Millefolium) growth under safe agriculture conditions using zeolite and compost. Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Recent Technologies in Agriculture. Giza, Egypt.
Hashem A, Majumdar N, Hamid A, Hossein M (1998) Drought stress effects on seed yield, yield attributes, growth, cell membrane stability and gas exchange of synthesized Brassica napus. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Sciences 180(3): 129-136.
Hekmat-Shoar H (1993) Plant physiology under difficult conditions. Niknam Publisher: Tabriz. [in Persian]
Iran Metrological Organization (2016) Final report, Firoozkooh Metrological Statistics: Firoozkooh, Iran. [in Persian]
Jones H (1993) Drought tolerance and water use efficiency. In: Water Deficits, Griffits H (eds) pp: 193-219.
Kafi M, Zand M, Kamkar B, Sharifi H, Goldani M (2000) Plant physiology (2nd edition), Mashhad University Press, Mashhad. [in Persian]
Keiller D, Morgan D (1988) Effect of pod removal and plant growth regulations on the growth, development and carbon assimilate distribution in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). The Journal of Agricultural Science 111(2): 357-362.
Khoshnazar P, Ahmadi M, Ghanandha M (2000) A study of adaptation and yield capacity of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars and lines. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 31(2): 341-352.
Khoshbakht D, Baninasad B (2007) Application of zeolite improved growth characteristics and yield of radish. Proceedings of the 5th Iranian Horticultural Science Congress. Shiraz. Iran. [in Persian]
Krogman K, Hobbs E (1975) Yield and morphological response of rape (Brassica campestris L. cv. Span) to irrigation and fertilizer treatments. Canadian JournalofPlant Science 55(4): 903-909.
Latifi N (1995) Effects of moisture deficiency on morphological characteristics, dry matter production and harvest index in the stages before and after flowering of canola. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 2(2): 83-71. [in Persian with English abstract]
Maliwal G, Thakkar K, Sonani V, Patel P, Trivedi S (1998) Response of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) to irrigation and fertilization. Annals of Agricultural Sciences 19(2): 353-355.
Mendham N, Salisbury P (1995) Physiology, Crop development, growth and yield. In ‘Brassica Oilseeds Production and Utilization. Kimber DS, McGregor DI (eds). CAB International: Wallingford.
Moran J, Becana M, Frechilla S (1994) Drought induces oxidative stress in pea plants. Planta 194: 346-352.
Munir M, Mc Neilly T (1992) Comparison of variation in yield and yield components in forage and winter oilseed rape. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research 13(3): 289-292
Nasiri M (2004) Investigating the interaction of nutrient elements and drought stress in canola cultivars PhD thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Faculty of Agriculture: Tehran, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
Nielsen D, Janick J (1996) Potential of canola as a dryland crop in Northeastern Colorado. In: Janick (ed). Progress in New Crops. ASHS Press: Alexandria.
Niknam S, Turner D (1999) Physiological aspects of drought tolerance in Brassica napus and Brassica Juncea. Proceedings of the 10th International Rapeseed Congress. Camberra. Australia.
Niknam S, Ma Q, Turner D (2003) Osmatic adjustment and Seed yield of Brassica napus and B. juncea genotypes in a water-limited environment in South-Western Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43(9): 1127-1135.
Pannu R, Singh D, Singh P, Sangwan V, Chaudhury B (1992) Effect of moisture stress on growth, partitioning of biomass and harvest index of oilseed Brassica. Crop Research 56: 31-34.
Pazoki A (2010) Amount of zeolite and water stress on yield, yield components and harvest index of canola in the Shahr-e Rey. Journal of Agronomy 6(1): 1-16. [in Persian with English abstract]
Polat E, Karaca M, Demir H, Naci A (2004) Use of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) in agriculture. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research 12: 183-189.
Poma I, Venezia G, Gristina L (1999) Rapeseed (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera D.C.) echophysiological and agronomical aspects as affected by soil water availability. Proceedings of the 10th International Rapeseed Congress. Canberra. Australia.
Rakow G, McGregor D (1975) Oil fatty acid and chlorophyll accumulation in developing seeds of two 'linolenic acid lines’ of two low erucic acid rapeseed. Canadian JournalofPlant Science55(1): 197-203
Rao M, Mendham N (1991) Soil- plant-water relations of Brassica campestris L. Journal of Agricultural Science 117: 197-205.
Reddy C, Reddy P (1998) Performance of mustard varieties on alfisoils of Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh. Journal of Oilseed Research 15: 379-380.
Sadaqat H, Nadeem-Tahir M, Tanveer-Hussain M (2003) Physiogenetic aspects of drought tolerance in canola (Brassica napus). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 4: 611-614.
Sana M, Ali A, Asghar Malik M, Farrukh Saleem M, Rafiq M (2003) Comparative yield potential and oil contents of different canola cultivars (Brassica napus L.). Pakistan Journal of Agronomy 2(1): 1-7.
Sangtarash MH, Qaderi MM, Chinnappa C, Reid DM (2009) Differential sensitivity of canola (Brassica napus) seedling to ultraviolent-B radiation, water stress and Abscisic acid. Environmental and Experimental Botany 66(2): 212-219.
Schulze J (1974) Root development of wheat at the flowering stage under different cultural practices. Agricultural Research 1: 12-17.
Shekari F (2001) The investigation of drought stress on phenology, water relations, growth, yield and quality of rapeseed. PhD thesis, Tabriz University, faculty of agriculture: Tabriz, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
Shirani A (2000) Physiological study of tolerance to drought stress in canola cultivars. Final project report, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute: Karaj, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
Shirani A (2001) The evaluation of colza plant response to the amount of moisture and nitrogen in applying and non-applying zeolite condition. Journal of Crop Eco-Physiology 3(4): 296-306. [in Persian with English abstract]
Triboi-Blondel A, Renard M (1999) Effect of temperature and water stress on fatty acid composition of rapeseed oil (Brassica napus L.) Proceedings of the 10th International Rapeseed Congress. Erina, Australia.
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