اثر سطوح کود نیتروژن و فواصل کشت بر عملکرد دانه و خصوصیات مرفولوژیکی کشت دوم کلزا بعد از برنج

محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

محمد ربیعی ¹ ( پژوهشگر مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور )
مهرداد جیلانی ² ( پژوهشگر مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور )

تاریخ دریافت : 1390/07/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1391/08/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1391/07/01

کلید واژه: کشت دوم, اوره, عملکرد روغن, تراکم کاشت, کلزا,

چکیده مقاله :

این تحقیق به‎‌منظور بررسی اثر سطوح کود نیتروژن و فواصل کشت بر عملکرد دانه و خصوصیات مرفولوژیکی کلزا (Brassica napus L.) رقم هایولا 308 در اراضی شالیزاری موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور به مدت دو سال زراعی به مرحله اجرا درآمد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور اول، سطوح نیتروژن از منبع کود اوره در چهار سطح، شامل: 98، 140، 182 و 224 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. فاکتور دوم، فاصله خطوط کاشت در سه سطح، شامل: 20، 25 و 30 سانتی‎متر بود. در این آزمایش صفات مهم زراعی از قبیل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد خورجین در بوته، تعداد دانه در خورجین، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، شاخص برداشت، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد روغن، زمان شروع گل‎دهی و طول دوره رویش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس مرکب بین تیمارها بیانگرآن بود که بین سال های مورد آزمایش، از نظر عملکرد دانه اختلاف معنی‎داری وجود نداشت. بین سطوح نیتروژن، تیمار مصرف 224 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن بیشترین عملکرد دانه (2189 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد روغن (1001 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (7142 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، ارتفاع بوته (9/111 سانتی‎متر) و ارتفاع پایین‎ترین شاخه خورجین دار از سطح زمین را با میانگین 4/34 سانتی‎متر دارا بود. از میان فواصل ردیف‎های کاشت، فاصله 20 سانتی‎متر با 1947، 4/887 و 6652 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین عملکرد دانه، عملکرد روغن و عملکرد بیولوژیکی و ارتفاع بوته (9/109 سانتی‎متر) را دارا بود. اگرچه تیمار مصرف 224 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار در فاصله کشت 20 سانتی‎متر بیشترین عملکرد دانه و روغن را به همراه داشت، ولی اثر متقابل بین سطوح نیتروژن و فواصل کشت معنی‎دار نبود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The effect of nitrogen fertilizer levels and row spacing was studied on grain yield and morphological characteristics of rapeseed (Brassica napus L., var. Hyola 308) as second cropping in paddy fields of Rice Research Institute of Iran. experiment was carried out for two years as factorial based on a randomize complete block design with three replications. The first factor was four nitrogen fertilizer levels from urea including 98, 140, 182 and 224 kg.ha-1 .The second factor was row spacing at three levels of 20, 25 and 30 cm. In this experiment, some important growth characteristics such as plant height, number of siliques per plant, number of seeds per silique, biological yield, harvest index, grain yield, oil yield, initiation of flowering and growth periods were studied. Results of the combined analysis of variance showed that there were no significant difference for grain yield between the two experimental years. Between nitrogen levels, the treatment of 224 kg ha-1 produced maximum grain yield (2189 kg ha-1), oil yield (1001 kg.ha-1), biological yield (7142 kg.ha-1), plant height (111.9 cm) and height of the lowest silique bearing branch from soil surface (34.4 cm). Row spacing of 20 cm showed the highest grain yield (1947 kg.ha-1), oil yield (887.4 kg.ha-1), biological yield (6652 kg.ha-1) and plant height (109.9 cm). Although the interactions between nitrogen levels and row spacing was not significant, maximum grain and oil yields were obtained by application of 224kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer in 20 cm row spacing.

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