بررسی تأثیر تنش خشکی بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی جو بدون پوشینه (Hordeum sativum L.) در منطقه اقلید فارس

محورهای موضوعی :

علیرضا باقری ¹ (استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اقلید.)
حجت اله مظاهری لقب ² (دانشیار دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان)

تاریخ دریافت : 1388/03/23 تاریخ پذیرش : 1389/02/13 تاریخ انتشار : 1389/06/01

کلید واژه: تنش خشکی, آبسیزیک اسید, جو بدون پوشینه, تنفس تاریکی, فتوسنتز,

چکیده مقاله :

در مناطق گرمسیری و نیمه گرمسیری ایران رشد و عملکرد غلات به‎دلیل وجود تنش‎های خشکی و شوری کاهش پیدا می‎کند. در عین حال یکی از مناسب‎ترین گیاهان زراعی برای چنین شرایطی گیاه جو است. در حال حاضر، برای غلبه بر مشکلات تنش ژنوتیپ‎های مناسب و متحمل جو معمولی وجو بدون پوشینه تحت بررسی هستند. در این آزمایش به منظور بررسی میزان تحمل جو بدون پوشینه به خشکی، چهار ژنوتیپ ( UH3،U46M ،EHM81-12 و CM67) در ایستگاه تحقیقات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اقلید به مدت دو سال مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. چهار تیمار (آبیاری پس از پتانسیل آب خاک 5/0- (شاهد)، 5/1- ، 3- و 5- bar) به کار برده شدند. تیمارها در آزمایش کرت‎های خرد شده بر اساس طرح پایه بلوک کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار بررسی شدند. ژنوتیپ های جو بدون پوشینه به کرت‎های اصلی و تیمارهای آبیاری به کرت‎های فرعی تعلق گرفت. صفات مورد اندازه‎گیری شامل میزان فتوسنتز، تنفس و میزان کلروفیل، مقدارهورمون آبسیزیک اسید، پرولین و میزان آنزیم‎های پراکسیداز و سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز در برگ پرچم بودند. داده ها با نرم افزار MSTATC تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش باعث کاهش فتوسنتز و میزان کلروفیل ولیکن باعث افزایش میزان آنزیم‎های سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز و پراکسیداز (به‎دلیل افزایش تولید مشتقات اکسیژن در تنش خشکی)، محتوی پرولین،ABA و میزان تنفس شد. ژنوتیپUH3 کمترین مقدار فتوسنتز، کلروفیل، ABA وپرولین ولی ژنوتیپCM67 بیشترین مقدار این صفات را داشتند. در مورد تنفس نتیجه عکس بود. به‎طورکلی، با توجه به صفات مورد بررسی، ژنوتیپ CM67 به‎عنوان ژنوتیپ متحمل و UH3 به‎عنوان ژنوتیپ حساس شناخته شدند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In the most arid and semi-arid regions, the growth and production of cereals are reduced due to drought and salinity stresses. Indeed, barley is a reliable crop for there conditions. At the moment, barley and hulles barley genotypes are being investigate to overcome the problems. In this study, four hull-less barley genotypes (UH3, U46M, EHM81-12 and CM67) were grown  in Research Station of Eghlid Islamic Azad University under drought stress for two years (2006 and 2007). Four water supply treatments (irrigating after the soil moisture potential reached -.0.5 bar (control), 1.5 bar, -3 and -5 bar) were applied. The experimental design was a split plot in which drought treatments was arranged in the main plots and genotypes in subplots, based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. The measured characteristics were photosynthetic rate, respiration rate, chlorophyll content, amount of ABA and proline, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxides (POX) activity in flag leaves. Variance analysis showed that drought. Stress decreased chlorophyll content and the photosynthesis rate, but stress increased Pox, SOD, ABA and proline contents as the respiration rate. In general, the UH3 genotype showed as well the lowest photosynthetic rate and ABA content, highest respiration rate and CM67 was in contrast. Indeed, CM67 was tolerant and UH3 was susceptible to drought stress.

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