ارزیابی وضعیت تغذیه نیتروژنی کلزا (Brassica napus L.) در شرایط گرگان

محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

علیرضا بهدادیان ¹ ( دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رشته زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان، ایران. )
افشین سلطانی ² ( استاد گروه زراعت، دانشگاه منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران. )
حسین عجم نوروزی ³ ( استاد گروه زراعت، دانشگاه منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران. )
ابراهیم زینلی ⁴ ( استاد گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان، گرگان، ایران. )

تاریخ دریافت : 1391/04/07 تاریخ پذیرش : 1392/09/29 تاریخ انتشار : 1392/11/01

کلید واژه: کلزا, شاخص تغذیه نیتروژن, مدیریت کودی, منحنی رقیق سازی بحرانی نیتروژن,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور ارزیابی وضعیت تغذیه نیتروژنی و تعیین اثر مدیریت زراعی بر شاخص تغذیه نیتروژن در مزارع کلزا شهرستان گرگان، آزمایشی به صورت آشیانه‌ای و در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سال زراعی 1389- 1388 انجام شد. در این آزمایش 15 مزرعه در سه سطح مدیریتی خوب، متوسط و ضعیف بررسی شدند. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده، کلیه سطوح مدیریتی و مزارع داخل آنها از نظر شاخص تغذیه نیتروژن در سه مرحله نمو ساقه رفتن، ظهور جوانه زرد و خورجین‌دهی با یکدیگر اختلاف داشتند. در این آزمایش با وجود آنکه مقادیر شاخص تغذیه نیتروژن در مزارع با سطح مدیریت خوب بالاتر از دیگر سطوح مدیریتی بود، اما در طول فصل رشد و در هر سه سطح مدیریت، میزان این شاخص کمتر از یک بود، که نشان می‌دهد رشد و عملکرد گیاه با کمبود نیتروژن مواجه بود. بنابراین می‌توان میزان نیتروژن را احتمالا به عنوان یکی از عوامل محدود کننده تولید کلزا در منطقه ارزیابی نمود. همچنین در این آزمایش بین شاخص تغذیه نیتروژن در مرحله جوانه زرد با عملکرد دانه همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری وجود داشت. بنابراین، استفاده از شاخص تغذیه نیتروژن در کمک به مدیریت بهینه این عنصر امکان پذیر است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In  order  to  study  the  effect  of  agricultural  management  on  nitrogen  nutrition  index  of  canola,  a  field experimental was conducted in 2010. Experiment was carried out as a nested completely randomized design with three replications. In this field experiment, 15 canola fields were comparatively studied in three levels of management (optimum, middle, weak) in Gorgan area, Iran. Sampling was performed at four stages and characteristics including plant density and height, leaf area index, dry weight, total nitrogen percent, biological yield and harvest index were measured. Also, nitrogen nutrition index was determined at stem formation, flowering and carpetbag stages. The results showed that all the studied management levels and farms within each level were significantly different from nitrogen nutrition index point of view. Positive significant correlation between nitrogen nutrition index with seed and biological yeild at yellow bud stage revealed the importance of nitrogen sources access at flowering and seedbag filling stages. Although nitrogen nutrition index was higher in optimum level of  management  than  in  the  middle  and  weak  ones,  but during  growing  season  and  in  all management levels, the index was less than 1 that indicates nitrogen deficiency. Thus, it could be concluded that nitrogen is a limitation factor in canola production in Gorgan area, Iran.

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