اثر کاربرد ترکیب کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و درصد روغن و پروتئین دو رقم کلزا
محورهای موضوعی :
الناز ابراهیمیان
1
(دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، گروه زراعت، تهران، ایران.)
احمد بای‌بوردی
2
(عضو هیأت علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی، ایران.)
کلید واژه: کود دامی, کود شیمیایی, عملکرد دانه, کلزا, اجزای عملکرد, کیفیت دانه,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی اثر مصرف ترکیب کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و درصد روغن و پروتئین دو رقم کلزا، آزمایشی در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان‌شرقی در سال 1389 به اجرا در آمد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اول در هفت سطح شامل تامین نیتروژن مورد نیاز گیاه بر اساس حدود کفایت گزارش شده در منابع شامل 120 کیلوگرم در هکتار، از منبع آلی، شیمیایی و تلفیقی (بدون کودآلی و کود نیتروژن (شاهد)، 100% کودآلی، 80% کودآلی و20% کود نیتروژن، 60% کودآلی و40% کود نیتروژن، 40% کودآلی و 60% کود نیتروژن، 20% کودآلی و 80% کود نیتروژن و 100% کود نیتروژن) و عامل دوم شامل دو رقم اکاپی و مودنا کلزا بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد، درصد روغن و پروتئین، فتوسنتز و فعالیت آنزیم نیترات ردوکتاز از تیمار 100% کود نیتروژن (شیمیایی) به دست آمد. در بین تیمارهای ترکیبی، تیمار تامین 20 درصد نیتروژن مورد نیاز از کود دامی و تامین 80% ( kg/ha96) نیاز باقی مانده از کود شیمیایی تنها در عملکرد دانه و تعداد دانه در خورجین با تیمار شیمیایی اختلاف داشت، به طوری که صرف نظر از کاهش در عملکرد و با توجه به افزایش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی می توان این تیمار را به عنوان تیمار برتر توصیه نمود. هم‎چنین رقم اکاپی از نظر صفات مورد بررسی بهتر از رقم مودنا بود.
Effects of chemical and organic fertilizers combinations on yield, yield components, seed oil and protein percentage of two canola cultivars were studied. The experiment was carried out as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Azerbaijan-e-Sharqi province of Iran in 2010. The first factor comprised seven levels of organic and chemical fertilizers and their combinations including: non cattle manure and non urea (control), 100% cattle manure (organic), 80% cattle manure and 20% urea (combined), 60% cattle manure and 40% urea (combined), 40% cattle manure and 60% urea (combined), 20% cattle manure and 80% urea (combined) and 100% urea (chemical) and the second factor was two canola cultivars (Okapi and Modena). The results showed that the highest yield, yield components, oil and protein percentages were obtained from a combination treatment, application of 20% cattle manure along with 80% urea (96 kg/ha), that was differed significantly from other chemical treatments for seed yield and number of seeds per pod. Therefore, application of this treatment could be recommended because it leading to a higher yield with lower chemical fertilizer application. Besides, variety okapi was superior to Modena based on the measured characteristics.
Adediran JA, Taiwo LB, Akande MO, Sobulo RA, Idowu OJ (2004) Application of organic and inorganic fertilizer for sustainable maize and cowpea yeilds in Nigeria. Journal of Plant Nutrition 27: 1163- 1181.
Basso B, Ritchie JT (2005) Impact of compost, manure and inorganic fertilizer on nitrate leaching and yield for a 6-year maize–alfalfa rotation on Michigan. Agriculture Ecosystem & Environment 108: 329-341.
Cudney DW, Wright SD, Shulz TA, Reints JS (1992) Weed seed in dairy manure depends on collection site. California Agriculture 46: 31-32.
Dwairi IM (1998) Conserving toxic ammoniacal nitrogen in manure using natural zeolite tuff: a comparative study. Bulletin of Environmental contamination and Toxicology 6: 126-133.
Eghball B, Lesoing G.W (2000) Viability of weed seeds following manure windrow composition. Compost Science Utilization 8: 46-53.
Eghball B, Power JF, Gilley JE, Doran JW (1997) Nutrient, carbon, and mass flow of beef cattle feedlot manure during composting. Journal of Environment Quality 26: 189-193.
Flagella Z, Giuliani MM, Rotunno T, Di Caterina R, De Caro A (2004) Effect of saline water on oil yield and quality of a high oleic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrid. European Journal of Agronomy 21: 267-272.
Gosling P, Shepherd M (2005) Long-term changes in soil fertility in organic arable farming systems in England, with particular reference to phosphorus and potassium. Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment 105: 425–432.
Gupta S, Munyankusi E, Monerief J, Zvomuya F, Hanewall M (2004) Tillage and manure application effects on mineral nitrogen leaching from seasonally frozen soils. Journal of Environment Quality 33: 1239-1246.
Hasan Zadeh Ghort Tappeh AJ (2000) Study of organic, chemical and integrated fertilizers on qualitative and quantitative properties of sunflower in Azerbaijan-e-Gharbi, Iran. Ph.D. dissertation, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Karimzadeh Asl KH, Mazaheri D, Peyghambari SA (2003) Effect of four irrigation cycles on yield and quantitative traits of three sunflower cultivar. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science 34 (2): 293-300. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Klepper L, Flesher D, Hageman RH (1971) Generation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide for nitrate reduction in green leaves. Plant Physiology 20: 580-590.
Losavio, N, Venesion ML, Zerbi G (1981) Sunflower response to increasing irrigation levels in southern Italy. Proceeding of International Sunflower Conference, Spain. pp. 98-109.
Mozafari K, Arshy Y, Zeinali Khangahj H (2006) Study of drought stress effects on morphological traits and yield components of sunflower. Seed Science Journal 12 (3): 24-33. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Rupa, TR, Srinivasa Rao CH, Suba Rao A, Sing M (2003) Effects of farmyard manure and phosphorus on zinc transformation and phyto-availability in two alfisols of India. Journal of Bioresource Technology 87: 279- 288.
Rynk, R (1992) On-farm composting handbook. Publication NRAES-54. Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service, Ithaca , New York.
Sabahi H (2006) Study of integrated chemical and organic fertilizers on biological activity and physicochemical properties of soil and canola yield in Zirab region. Ph.D. dissertation, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Sawada, O, Itoh J, Fujita K (1995) Characteristics of photosynthesis and translocation of 13C-labelled photosynthetic in husk leaves of sweet corn. Crop Science 35: 480–485.
Stone, LR, Ellis JR, Whitney DA (1982) The effects of nitrogen fertilizer on soil. Cooperative extension service, Arkansas State University, Manhattan, U.S.A. 625 pp.
Taylor, Aj, Smith Cj, Wilson IB (1991) Effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield, oil content, nitrogen accumulation and water use of canola. Fertilizer Research 29: 249-260.
Tiquia SM, Tam NFY, Hoodgkiss I.J (1996) Effect of composting on phytotoxicity of spent pig- manure sawdust litter and pig sludge. Bioresourse Technology 65: 43-49.
Walker DJ, Pilar Bernal M (2008) The effects of olive mill waste compost and poultry manure on the availability and plant uptake of nutrients in a highly saline soil. Bioresource Technology 99: 396-403.
Quansah JE, Engel BA, and Chaubey, I (2008). Tillage practices usage in early warning prediction of atrazine pollution. Trans. ASABE, 51-54: 1311–1321.
_||_