مطالعه شاخص های جوانه زنی بذر و رشد اولیه گیاهچه‎های گلرنگ با وزن هزار دانه متفاوت تحت تنش خشکی

محورهای موضوعی :

حمید باقری ¹ (دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت دانشگاه زنجان)
یوسف قاضی خانلوثانی ² (دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت دانشگاه زنجان)
اسماعیل زنگانی ³ (استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه زنجان)
بابک عندلیبی ⁴ (استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه زنجان)
محمدرضا عظیمی مقدم ⁵ (دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت دانشگاه زنجان)
سلیمان جمشیدی ⁶ (عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد میانه)

تاریخ دریافت : 1390/11/26 تاریخ پذیرش : 1391/08/11 تاریخ انتشار : 1391/07/01

کلید واژه: تنش خشکی, استقرار گیاهچه, گلرنگ, پلی اتیلن گلیگول,

چکیده مقاله :

بذرهایی که بتوانند از تحمل به خشکی بالایی برخوردار باشند در استقرار یکنواخت بوته ها در مزرعه و افزایش عملکرد نقش قابل توجهی خواهند داشت. به منظور مطالعۀ شاخص های جوانه‎زنی بذر و رشد اولیه گیاه چه گلرنگ رقم سینا با وزن‎های هزار دانه مختلف (23، 83/23، 13/25 و 27/27 گرم) تحت شدت های مختلف تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در آزمایشگاه فیزیولوژی دانشگاه زنجان انجام شد. سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی شامل صفر (شاهد)، 4- و 8- بار با کاربرد پلی اتیلن گلیگول 6000 بدست آمد. با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی، درصد جوانه زنی به طور معنی داری کاهش یافت و از 8/81% در شاهد به 8/57% در تنش خشکی 8- بار رسید. هم‎چنین، بذور با وزن هزار دانه بیشتر، درصد جوانه زنی، سرعت جوانه زنی و ضریب سرعت جوانه زنی بالاتری داشتند. تحت شرایط تنش، بذور با وزن هزار دانه 27/27 گرم ساقه چه و ریشه چه طویل تری نسبت به سایرین تولید نمودند. هم‎چنین، تحت شرایط تنش، بذور با وزن هزار دانه بالا شاخص بنیه، وزن خشک و وزن تر گیاهچه بیشتری نسبت به سایر بذور داشتند. بنابراین، در این بررسی بذور با وزن هزار دانه بیشتر، علاوه بر این که دارای شاخص های جوانه زنی بالاتری بودند، نسبت به تنش خشکی نیز مقاومت خوبی نشان دادند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Tolerant seeds to drought stress could play significant role in steady seedling establishment and subsequent yield increase. In order to study the germination and initial seedling growth indices of safflower (cv. Sina) seeds with different thousand kernel weights (TKW) of 23, 23.83, 25.13 and 27.27 g, under different drought stress intensities, an experiment was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design in Physiology Laboratory of Zanjan University. Drought stress levels comprising 0 (control), -4 and -8 bar were obtained using polyethylene glycol 6000. Increasing drought stress intensity significantly decreased germination percentage from 81.8% in control to 57.8% in -8 bar. Seeds with higher TKW were better in terms of germination percentage and germination coefficient rate. The seeds with 27.27 TKW produced longer radicle and plumule in drought stress condition. Besides, seeds with higher TKW showed higher vigor index and seedling dry and fresh matter. In conclusion, seeds with higher TKW showed higher germination indices and were more tolerant to drought stress.

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