مطالعه شاخص های جوانه زنی بذر و رشد اولیه گیاهچههای گلرنگ با وزن هزار دانه متفاوت تحت تنش خشکی
محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی
حمید باقری
1
,
یوسف قاضی خانلوثانی
2
,
اسماعیل زنگانی
3
,
بابک عندلیبی
4
,
محمدرضا عظیمی مقدم
5
,
سلیمان جمشیدی
6
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت دانشگاه زنجان
2 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت دانشگاه زنجان
3 - استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه زنجان
4 - استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه زنجان
5 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت دانشگاه زنجان
6 - عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد میانه
کلید واژه: تنش خشکی, استقرار گیاهچه, گلرنگ, پلی اتیلن گلیگول,
چکیده مقاله :
بذرهایی که بتوانند از تحمل به خشکی بالایی برخوردار باشند در استقرار یکنواخت بوته ها در مزرعه و افزایش عملکرد نقش قابل توجهی خواهند داشت. به منظور مطالعۀ شاخص های جوانهزنی بذر و رشد اولیه گیاه چه گلرنگ رقم سینا با وزنهای هزار دانه مختلف (23، 83/23، 13/25 و 27/27 گرم) تحت شدت های مختلف تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در آزمایشگاه فیزیولوژی دانشگاه زنجان انجام شد. سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی شامل صفر (شاهد)، 4- و 8- بار با کاربرد پلی اتیلن گلیگول 6000 بدست آمد. با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی، درصد جوانه زنی به طور معنی داری کاهش یافت و از 8/81% در شاهد به 8/57% در تنش خشکی 8- بار رسید. همچنین، بذور با وزن هزار دانه بیشتر، درصد جوانه زنی، سرعت جوانه زنی و ضریب سرعت جوانه زنی بالاتری داشتند. تحت شرایط تنش، بذور با وزن هزار دانه 27/27 گرم ساقه چه و ریشه چه طویل تری نسبت به سایرین تولید نمودند. همچنین، تحت شرایط تنش، بذور با وزن هزار دانه بالا شاخص بنیه، وزن خشک و وزن تر گیاهچه بیشتری نسبت به سایر بذور داشتند. بنابراین، در این بررسی بذور با وزن هزار دانه بیشتر، علاوه بر این که دارای شاخص های جوانه زنی بالاتری بودند، نسبت به تنش خشکی نیز مقاومت خوبی نشان دادند.
Tolerant seeds to drought stress could play significant role in steady seedling establishment and subsequent yield increase. In order to study the germination and initial seedling growth indices of safflower (cv. Sina) seeds with different thousand kernel weights (TKW) of 23, 23.83, 25.13 and 27.27 g, under different drought stress intensities, an experiment was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design in Physiology Laboratory of Zanjan University. Drought stress levels comprising 0 (control), -4 and -8 bar were obtained using polyethylene glycol 6000. Increasing drought stress intensity significantly decreased germination percentage from 81.8% in control to 57.8% in -8 bar. Seeds with higher TKW were better in terms of germination percentage and germination coefficient rate. The seeds with 27.27 TKW produced longer radicle and plumule in drought stress condition. Besides, seeds with higher TKW showed higher vigor index and seedling dry and fresh matter. In conclusion, seeds with higher TKW showed higher germination indices and were more tolerant to drought stress.
Abba EJ, Lovato F (1998) Effect of seed storage temperature and relative humidity on maize seed viability and vigor. Journal of Seed Science and Technology 27: 101-114.
Akbari KhA, Ghasemipirbalouti AA, Najafabadi Farahani M, Shahverdi M (2005) The effect of different harvest times of soybean seed germination. Journal of Agricultural Science 6: 9-18 [In Persian with English Abstract].
Bagheri H (2012) Effects of foliar application of atrazin as a antitranspirate at different growth stages on yield and oil production of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in rainfed condition. M. Sc. Thesis. University of Zanjan. Agriculture Faculty 134 pp. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Balbaki RZ, Copeland L (1997) Seed size, density and protein content effects on field performance of wheat. Journal of Seed Science and Technology 25: 511-521.
Bradford KJ, Dahal P, Ni BR (1992) Quantitative models describing germination responses to temperature. Water Potential and Growth Regulators. Fourth International Workshop on Seed. Basic and Applied Aspects. UNE 23-24, India.
De R, Kar RK (1995) Seed germination and seedling growth of mange bean (Vigna radiata) under water stress induced by P.E.G 6000. Journal of Seed Science and Technology 23: 301-308.
Devi L, Chitra-Kant K, Dahlani M (2003) Effect of size grading on sinapine leakage, electrical conductivity and germination percentage in the seed of mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Journal of Seed Science and Technology 31: 505-509.
Duman I (2006) Effects of seed priming with PEG or K3PO4 on germination and seedling growth in lettuce. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science 3: 923-928.
Durant MJ, Loads AH (1990) Some changes in sugar beet seed during maturation and after density grading. Journal of Seed Science and Technology 18: 11-21.
El-Kassaby YA, Edwards DGW (1998) Genetic control of germination and the effects of accelerated aging in mountain hemlock seeds and its relevance to gene conservation. Journal of Forest Ecology and Management 112: 203-211.
Emmerich WE, Hardgree SP (1990) Polyethylene glycol solution contact affects seed germination. Journal of Agronomy 82: 1103-1107.
Ghasemi Golazani K, Salehian H, Rahimzade Khoi F, Moghad'dam M (1997) The effects of seed vigor on emergence and yield of wheat. Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources Science 3: 48-54. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Hamidi A, Rudi D, Asgari V, Hajilui, S (2009) Study on applicability of controlled deterioration vigour test for evaluation of seed vigour and field performance of three oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Journal of Plant and Seed 24: 677-706. [In Persian with English Abstract]
Hunter EA, Glasbey CA, Naylor REL (1984) The analysis of data from germination tests. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 102: 207-213.
Ibrahim M, Zeid N, El-Semary A (2001) Response of two differentially drought tolerant varieties of maize to drought stress. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science 4: 779-784.
Kaufman MR, Eckard AN (1971) Evaluation of stress control by polyethylene glycols by analysis of gulation. Journal of Plant Physiology 47: 453- 456.
Khajepour MR (1986) Fundamentals of agriculture. Jahad Daneshghahi of Esfahan Industrial University Press, Isfahan, 325 pp. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Lotfifar O, Akbari, GA, Shiranirad AH, Sadat-Nori SA, Mottaghi S, Nikniaee AB (2008) The effect of seed weight of spring rapeseed cultivars (Brassica napus L.) on viability and emergence ability. Journal of Agriculture Research: Water, Soil and Plant in Agriculture 3: 199-213. [In Persian with English Abstract]
Mc Pherson MA, Good AG, Topinka AKC, Hall LM (2004) Theoretical hybridization potential of transgenic safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) with weedy relatives in the new world. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 48: 923-934.
Mirmahmoudi T (2001) Quality changes of wheat seeds on plant in different stages of performance and maturing. M.Sc. Thesis, Tabriz University. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Moafi Pashakalai R (2010) Evaluation of resistance to drought stress of safflower varieties in germination stage. Second National Congress of New Findings in Oilseed Crop production. Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd Branch. 51-60. [In Persian with English Abstract]
Moshtati A (2007) The effect of weight insulator parameters on some qualitative and quantitative characteristic of wheat seeds cv. Sina. M.Sc. Thesis, Tehran University. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Naseri F (1998) Oil seeds. Astan Ghods Razavi press. 585 pp. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Prisco JT, Baptista CR, Pinheiro EJL (1992) Hydration, dehydration seed pretreatment and its effects on seed germination under water stress condition. Revista Brasil Botany 15: 31-35.
Rade D, Kar RK (1995) Seed germination and seedling growth of mange bean (vigna radiata) under water stress induced by PEG 6000. Journal of Seed Science and Technology 23: 301-308.
Rahimi A, Jahansoz MR, Rahimian Mashhadi HR, Postini K, Sharifzade F (2006) Effect of iso-osmotic salt and water stress on germination and seedling growth of two plantago species. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 9: 2812-2817.
Salehzade H, Izadkhah Shishvan M, Chiyasi M (2009) Effect of seed priming on germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Biological Sciences 4(5): 629-631.
Sawan ZM, Greeg BR, Yosef SE (1999) Effect of phosphorus, chelated zinc and calcium on cotton seed yield, viability and seedling vigor. Journal of Seed Science and Technology 27: 329-337.
Scott SJ, Jones RA, Williams WA (1984) Review of data analysis methods for seed germination. Journal of Crop Science 24: 1192-1199.
Seyyed-Sharifi R, Seyyed-Sharifi, R (2009) The effects of polyethyleneglycol on germination and seedling growth of carthamus cultivars. Iranian Journal of Biology 21(3): 400-410. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Shekari F, Masiha, S, Esmaeilpour, B (2007) Physiology of vegetable crops (Translated). University of Zanjan Publications, Zanjan. 395 pp. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Tekrony DM, Elgi DB (1991) Relationship of seed vigor and crop yield, a review. Journal of Crop Science 31: 816-822.
Tomas LJ, Tekrony DM, Elgi DB (1988) Factors influencing the tray accelerated aging test for soybean. Journal of Seed Science and Technology 12: 37-53.
Trautwein EA, Rrickhoff D, Erbershobler HF (1997) The cholesterol-lowering effect of psylliumas as a source of dietary fiber. Journal of Ernaehrung Umschau 44: 214-216.
Yazdan Bioki R, Rezvani Moghad'dam P, Kouchaki A, Behzad Amiri M, Falahi J, Deyhim Fard R (2010) Effects of different nutrition of wheat (cv. Sayonez) on its germination indices and seedling growth under drought stress and biological muck. Journal of Agroecology 2(2): 266-276
_||_