تنوع صفات کمّی و کیفی توده‌های بومی شنبلیله ایران در منطقه هشترود
محورهای موضوعی :
بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی
بهرام حاجی‌زاده
1
(
گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران
)
داود صادق زاده اهری
2
(
عضو هیات علمی مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران
)
سلیمان جمشیدی
3
(
گروه گیاهپزشکی، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران
)
تاریخ دریافت : 1396/12/02
تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/09/21
تاریخ انتشار : 1397/10/01
کلید واژه:
تنوع زیستی,
تنوع ژنتیکی,
علوفه,
تنوع مورفولوژیک,
تنوع فنوتیپی,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی برخی صفات کمی و کیفی پنج توده بومی شنبلیله ایران شامل توده های بومی کرمانشاه، سمنان، خاش، برازجان و اردستان در منطقه هشترود آذربایجان شرقی و در قالب طرح آماری بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. براساس نتایج بین توده های بومی شنبلیله از نظر صفات کمّی و کیفی نظیر روز تا گلدهی، روز تا رسیدگی، ارتفاع بوته، ارتفاع اولین غلاف از سطح خاک، تعداد غلاف، تعداد شاخه فرعی، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد ماده تر و خشک، عملکرد دانه، میزان پروتئین خام، هضم‌پذیری ماده خشک، میزان کربوهیدرات‌های محلول در آب و میزان خاکستر اختلاف‌های معنی‌داری وجود داشت. بیشترین عملکرد ماده تر و عملکرد دانه متعلق به توده اردستان بود. توده بومی برازجان دارای بیشترین میزان هضم‌پذیری ماده خشک، میزان کربوهیدرات‌های محلول در آب و کمترین میزان دیواره سلولی بدون همی سلولز بوده و در مقایسه با سایر توده‌ها از کیفیت علوفه‌ای مناسب‌تری برخوردار بود. با توجه به وجود تنوع مطلوب در بین توده‌های شنبلیله از نظر صفات کمّی و کیفی، محافظت و استفاده از آنها در برنامه‌های اصلاحی به منظور تولید ارقامی با صفات زراعی مطلوب، عملکرد بیشتر و تولید علوفه با کیفیت مناسب‌تر توصیه می‌گردد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
To determine some qualitative and quantitative traits diversity of five Iranian fenugreek landrace including Kermanshah, Semnan, Khash, Borazjan and Ardestan landraces, An experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design in four replications at Hashtrood region in East Azarbaijan province, Iran during 2011- 2012 cropping season. Based on results, there were significant differences among the landraces in qualitative and quantitative traits including days to flowering and maturity, plant height, height of the first pod from soil level, no. of pod and branches, thousand kernel weight, fresh and dry biomass, grain yield, crude protein percentage, dry matter digestibility, water soluble carbohydrates percentage, neutral detergent fiber and total ash. The highest fresh biomass and grain yield belonged to the Ardestan landrace. Comparing with other landraces, Borazjan had better forage quality because of the highest dry matter digestibility and water soluble carbohydrates percentage, and the lowest levels of cell wall without hemicelluloses. Considering diversity among the studied fenugreek landraces in qualitative and quantitative traits, protection and implementation of them in breeding programs to generate cultivars with desirable agronomic traits, high yielding and production of forage with suitable quality are recommended.
منابع و مأخذ:
Akbari Z, Qaderi A, Kalate-jari A, Mehrafarin A, Naghdi Badi H (2012).Changes of trigonelline biosynthesis under nitrogenous compounds in hairy-root culture of Iranian fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants 2(42):128-135. [in Persian with English abstract]
Al-Habori M, Raman A (2002) The genus Trigonella. In: Petropoulos GA (ed.). Pharmacological Properties in Fenugreek. Taylor and Francis: London and New York 163-182.
Assefa G, Ledin I (2001) Effect of variety, soil type and fertilizer on the establishment, growth, forage yield, quality and voluntary intake by cattle of oats and vetches cultivated in pure stands and mixtures. Animal Feed Science and Technology 92: 95–111.
Bazzazi N, Khodambashi M, Mohammadi Sh (2013) The effect of drought stress on morphological characteristics and yield components of medicinal plant fenugreek. Journal of Crop Production and Processing 3(8): 11-22. [in Persian with English abstract]
Coleman SE, Moore JE (2003) Feed quality and animal performance. Field Crops Research 84: 17- 29.
Hasanzadeh E, Rezazadeh SH, Shamsa SF, Dolatabadi R, Zarringhalam J (2010). Review on photochemistry and therapeutic properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum). Journal of Medicinal Plants 2(34):1-18. [in Persian with English abstract]
Kevin L, Kenneth A, Albrecht A, Lauer JG, and Riday H (2008) Intercropping corn with lablab bean, velvet bean, and scarlet runner bean for forage. Crop Science 48: 371-379.
Lithourgidis AS, Vasilakoglou IB, Ohima KV, Dordas CA, Yiakoulaki MD (2006) Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures with oat and triticale in two seeding ratios. Field Crop Research 99: 106-113.
Mc Cormick KM, Norton RM, Eagles HA (2009) Phenotypic variation within a fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) germplasm collection. II. Cultivar selection based on traits associated with seed yield. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 56: 651-661.
Mohammadi J, Amarloo A, Sadri K (2007) Cytogenetically study of two fenugreek cultivars cultivated at Zanjan. Proceedings of the fifth National Conference on Horticultural Science. Shiraz, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
Moradi P, Hassan Dokht MR, Kashi AK (2011) Genetic diversity in some characteristics of Iranian fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graceum L.). Journal of Crop and Weed Ecophysiology 4(16):55-70. [in Persian with English abstract]
Raja Kishore K (2012) Evaluation of crop residue based complete rations for augmenting milk and meat production in buffaloes and sheep. PhD Thesis, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University: Tirupati, India.
Riasat M, Nasirzadeh A (2007) Evaluation of two perennial Trigonella (T. elliptica and T. tehranica) for forage quality improvement. Iranian Journal of Rangeland and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research 14(4): 230-240. [in Persian with English abstract]
Sadeghzadeh Ahari D, Hassandokht MR, Kashi AK, Amri A (2016 a) Evaluation and selection for drought tolerance in Iranian fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) landraces at germination and seedling growth stages. Journal of Horticultural Science 29(4): 652-661. [in Persian with English abstract]
Sadeghzadeh Ahari D, Hassandokht MR, Kashi AK, Amri A (2016 b) Effect of drought stress on some agronomical and physiological traits of Iranian fenugreek landraces. Arid Biome Scientific and Research Journal 6(1): 95-100. [in Persian with English abstract]
Yolcu H, Daci M, Tan M (2009) Evaluation of annual legumes and barley as sole crops and intercrop in spring frost conditions for animal feeding .I. yield and quality. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 8(7): 1337- 1342.
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Akbari Z, Qaderi A, Kalate-jari A, Mehrafarin A, Naghdi Badi H (2012).Changes of trigonelline biosynthesis under nitrogenous compounds in hairy-root culture of Iranian fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants 2(42):128-135. [in Persian with English abstract]
Al-Habori M, Raman A (2002) The genus Trigonella. In: Petropoulos GA (ed.). Pharmacological Properties in Fenugreek. Taylor and Francis: London and New York 163-182.
Assefa G, Ledin I (2001) Effect of variety, soil type and fertilizer on the establishment, growth, forage yield, quality and voluntary intake by cattle of oats and vetches cultivated in pure stands and mixtures. Animal Feed Science and Technology 92: 95–111.
Bazzazi N, Khodambashi M, Mohammadi Sh (2013) The effect of drought stress on morphological characteristics and yield components of medicinal plant fenugreek. Journal of Crop Production and Processing 3(8): 11-22. [in Persian with English abstract]
Coleman SE, Moore JE (2003) Feed quality and animal performance. Field Crops Research 84: 17- 29.
Hasanzadeh E, Rezazadeh SH, Shamsa SF, Dolatabadi R, Zarringhalam J (2010). Review on photochemistry and therapeutic properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum). Journal of Medicinal Plants 2(34):1-18. [in Persian with English abstract]
Kevin L, Kenneth A, Albrecht A, Lauer JG, and Riday H (2008) Intercropping corn with lablab bean, velvet bean, and scarlet runner bean for forage. Crop Science 48: 371-379.
Lithourgidis AS, Vasilakoglou IB, Ohima KV, Dordas CA, Yiakoulaki MD (2006) Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures with oat and triticale in two seeding ratios. Field Crop Research 99: 106-113.
Mc Cormick KM, Norton RM, Eagles HA (2009) Phenotypic variation within a fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) germplasm collection. II. Cultivar selection based on traits associated with seed yield. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 56: 651-661.
Mohammadi J, Amarloo A, Sadri K (2007) Cytogenetically study of two fenugreek cultivars cultivated at Zanjan. Proceedings of the fifth National Conference on Horticultural Science. Shiraz, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
Moradi P, Hassan Dokht MR, Kashi AK (2011) Genetic diversity in some characteristics of Iranian fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graceum L.). Journal of Crop and Weed Ecophysiology 4(16):55-70. [in Persian with English abstract]
Raja Kishore K (2012) Evaluation of crop residue based complete rations for augmenting milk and meat production in buffaloes and sheep. PhD Thesis, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University: Tirupati, India.
Riasat M, Nasirzadeh A (2007) Evaluation of two perennial Trigonella (T. elliptica and T. tehranica) for forage quality improvement. Iranian Journal of Rangeland and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research 14(4): 230-240. [in Persian with English abstract]
Sadeghzadeh Ahari D, Hassandokht MR, Kashi AK, Amri A (2016 a) Evaluation and selection for drought tolerance in Iranian fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) landraces at germination and seedling growth stages. Journal of Horticultural Science 29(4): 652-661. [in Persian with English abstract]
Sadeghzadeh Ahari D, Hassandokht MR, Kashi AK, Amri A (2016 b) Effect of drought stress on some agronomical and physiological traits of Iranian fenugreek landraces. Arid Biome Scientific and Research Journal 6(1): 95-100. [in Persian with English abstract]
Yolcu H, Daci M, Tan M (2009) Evaluation of annual legumes and barley as sole crops and intercrop in spring frost conditions for animal feeding .I. yield and quality. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 8(7): 1337- 1342.
