اثر کیتوسان بر شاخص‌های مورفولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گیاهچه‌های حاصل از بذور زوال یافته سویا

محورهای موضوعی :

وحید منصوری گندمانی ¹ (دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شاهد تهران، ایران)
حشمت امیدی ² (استادیار گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شاهد تهران، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/02/12 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/04/02 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/06/31

کلید واژه:  پیش‌تیمار,  پرایمینگ,  پیری تسریع شده,  ترکیب زیستی,  زوال بذر,

چکیده مقاله :

به‌منظور تعیین اثر کیتوسان بر بذور زوال یافته سویا آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در آزمایشگاه علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه شاهد تهران اجرا شد. عامل اول سطوح مختلف پیری تسریع شده شامل 24 و 48 ساعت در رطوبت اشباع و دمای 41 درجه سیلسیوس و عامل دوم غلظت‌های مختلف کیتوسان شامل 25/0 و 5/0% وزنی-حجمی بود. در این آزمایش صفات مورفولوژیکی نظیر تعداد گیاهچه سالم، طول گیاهچه، محتوای نسبی آب ساقه‌چه، نسبت وزنی ساقه‌چه به ریشه‌چه و صفات بیوشیمیایی مانند میزان کلروفیل a و b و میزان کاروتنوئید موجود در برگ گیاهچه سویا اندازه‌گیری شد. کیتوسان بر جوانه‌زنی بذور سویای پیر شده اثر معنی‌دار مثبتی داشت و با تأثیر بر میزان کلروفیل a و b و کاروتنوئید برگ باعث بهبود صفات مورفولوژیک گیاهچه سویا شد. همچنین کیتوسان با افزایش تعداد گیاهچه سالم از بذور زوال یافته و تأثیر بر نسبت وزنی ساقه‌چه به ریشه‌چه در تعدیل خسارات ناشی از زوال بذر نقش داشت. بنابراین کیتوسان با اثرگذاری مثبت بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک و جوانه‌زنی گیاهچه سویا برخی خسارات ناشی از زوال بذور سویا را کاسته و می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک پیش تیمار زیستی بهبود دهنده‌ توصیه شود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To determine the effect of a chitosan on aging accelerated soybean seeds, a study was conducted based on completely randomized design in factorial experiment with three replications in 2015 Science and Research Laboratory of Shahed University, Tehran. The first factor was levels of accelerated aging including 0, 24 and 48 hours storing of seeds in saturated humidity at 41°C temperature. The second factor was chitosan different concentrations including 0, 0.25 and 0.5% w/v rates. In this experiment, morphological traits such as number of normal seedlings, seedling length, shoot relative water content of, shoot to root ratio and biochemical characteristics such as chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll a to b ratio and the amount of carotenoids in soybean leaves were measured. Chitosan had positive significant effect on aging accelerated soybean seeds germination, also effecting on chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids amounts in soybean seedling leaves tending to morphological characteristics improvement. Chitosan has also increased the number of normal seedlings resulted from aging accelerated seeds, shoot to root fresh weight resulting in  modulating destructive effect of accelerating of soybean seeds. Therefore, chitosan effecting on physiological traits and soybean seedling germination of soybean seeds could reduce the damage on soybean seeds caused by aging acceleration as a priming environment friendly and safe treatment.

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