شناسايي و اولویت‌بندی عوامل شکست استارت آپ¬ها به کمک تحلیل سلسه مراتبی AHP و ارائه استراتژی¬های غلبه
محورهای موضوعی : تجارت الکترونیک
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد تجارت الکترونیک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شیراز
کلید واژه: استارت آپ, عوامل شکست, طراحی استراتژی, تحلیل سلسه مراتبی,
چکیده مقاله :
استارت‌آپ‌ها به عنوان نهادهای نوآور و پرشتاب، نقش حیاتی در توسعه اقتصادی و ایجاد اشتغال دارند. این کسب‌وکارها با ارائه راه‌حل‌های خلاقانه و فناورانه، می‌توانند نیازهای جدید بازار را برآورده کرده و به رشد و پویایی اقتصادی کمک کنند. با این حال، نرخ بالای شکست استارت‌آپ‌ها نشان‌دهنده چالش‌های جدی در مدیریت و عملکرد آنهاست. بر این اساس، هدف این تحقیق شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی عوامل شکست استارت‌آپ‌ها و ارائه استراتژی‌های مناسب برای غلبه بر این چالش‌ها است. در این پژوهش، ابتدا با مرور ۴۵ مقاله معتبر در زمینه استارت‌آپ‌ها، عوامل کلیدی شکست شناسایی شدند. این مقالات از منابع مختلفی مانند پایگاه‌های داده علمی، مجلات تخصصی و کنفرانس‌های معتبر جمع‌آوری و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار اطلس تی (Atlas.ti) تحلیل شدند. در مرحله بعد، برای اولویت‌بندی این عوامل از تکنیک تصمیم‌گیری سلسله مراتبی (AHP) استفاده شد. درادامه، یک ساختار سلسله مراتبی شامل هدف (شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی عوامل شکست استارت‌آپ‌ها)، گزینه¬ها (عوامل اصلی شناسایی شده) و شاخص¬ها (تعیین شده بر اساس عوامل فرعی) طراحی شد. سپس با استفاده از ماتریس مقایسات زوجی، اهمیت نسبی هر یک از گزینه¬ها و معیارها ارزیابی شد. در هر گام نرخ ناسازگاری در محدوده مجاز و زیر ۰.۱ قرار داشت. نتایج نهایی وزن‌دهی نشان داد که مدیریت ضعیف و ناکارآمد با وزن 0.366892، منابع مالی ناکافی با وزن 0.221917، و مشکلات فنی و تیم نامناسب و عدم نوآوری با وزن 0.196686 به ترتیب مهم‌ترین عوامل شکست استارت‌آپ‌ها هستند. مشکلات بازار و مشکلات قانونی نیز با وزن‌های کمتر در مراتب بعدی قرار گرفتند. این نتایج اهمیت مدیریت کارآمد، تأمین منابع مالی کافی و تقویت تیم فنی و نوآوری را برجسته می‌سازد و نشان می‌دهد. در نهایت، بر اساس نتایج، برای هر یک از این عوامل، استراتژی‌های مناسبی برای غلبه بر آنها پیشنهاد شد.
Startups, as innovative and fast-paced entities, play a crucial role in economic development and job creation. These businesses, by offering creative and technological solutions, can meet new market demands and contribute to economic growth and dynamism. However, the high failure rate of startups indicates serious challenges in their management and performance. Accordingly, the aim of this research is to identify and prioritize the factors leading to startup failures and to propose appropriate strategies to overcome these challenges. In this study, first, by reviewing 45 reputable articles on startups, key failure factors were identified. These articles were collected from various sources such as scientific databases, specialized journals, and reputable conferences and analyzed using Atlas.ti software. In the next stage, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique was used to prioritize these factors. Subsequently, a hierarchical structure was designed, including the goal (identifying and prioritizing startup failure factors), options (identified main factors), and criteria (determined based on sub-factors). Then, using the pairwise comparison matrix, the relative importance of each option and criterion was assessed. At each step, the inconsistency ratio remained within the acceptable range, below 0.1. The final weighting results showed that poor and inefficient management with a weight of 0.366892, insufficient financial resources with a weight of 0.221917, and technical problems and an inappropriate team and lack of innovation with a weight of 0.196686 are the most important factors leading to startup failures, respectively. Market problems and legal issues also ranked lower with lesser weights. These results highlight the importance of effective management, adequate financial resources, and strengthening the technical team and innovation. Finally, based on the results, appropriate strategies were proposed to address each of these factors.
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