A Systematic Review of the Research Literature in Identifying the Pattern, Dimensions, Components and Indicators of Urban Management
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی سنجش از دور راداری و نوری و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی
Mohammad Rezaei Rahimi
1
,
Mahmoud Mohammadi
2
,
Andisheh Ariana
3
,
Mozhdeh Jamshidi
4
1 - Ph.D. student of Urbanism, Department of Urbanism, Institute of Society and Media, ISF.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture & Urbanism, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
3 - Department of Urban planning, Na.C., Islamic Azad University, Najafabad
4 - Assistant Professor, Department of Urbanism, Institute of Society and Media, ISF.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
کلید واژه: Urban Management, Urban Governance, Urban Challenges, Systematic Review of the Literature,
چکیده مقاله :
Objective: Urban management is one of the issues that need to be revised for the administration of future cities. We cannot just rely on its conventional concept, which evokes the city administration based on the specific location and system. This concept is one of the areas in dire need of future research because it is directly tied to the daily life and fate of citizens. Based on this, the current study aims to know the dimensions, components, and indicators of urban management using the systematic review method of the research.
Methods: The present research was conducted using a systematic review method, which includes the definition, search, selection, analysis, and synthesis steps. The process of searching for research-related resources was carried out in August 2023 for 31 days. An initial search identified a large number of sources. Among these, 105 sources matched the title of the research and were selected for the final analysis. Selected sources belong to a period of 2000-2023. In order to conduct a comprehensive background check related to urban management, a three-step systematic process, i.e., search based on online databases, screening process, refinement, and final analysis, has been used to select papers.
Results: The findings of the systematic review show that most papers belong to the years 2010 to 2015. Finally, after studying and extracting various resources and by emphasizing the specialization of urban management and the developments that should become common in this field, the need for change in the laws and organizations of urban management was pointed out.
Conclusion: One of the main challenges of urban management is the problems caused by the increase in population and urbanization, as well as the lack of governance and social participation in the process of urban management, which in studies, less attention has been paid to the different dimensions of the city and its context in the quality of urban management and governance.
- Introduction
Rapid urbanization, socio-economic transformation, and environmental pressures have intensified the complexity of managing contemporary cities. Urban management has consequently emerged as a central concern for policymakers, planners, and scholars seeking to ensure sustainable urban development and improved quality of life. Today, the primary objective of urban managers is no longer limited to service provision but extends to achieving sustainable cities through integrated, inclusive, and adaptive management systems. Sustainable urban management aims to safeguard resources for future generations while simultaneously delivering equitable public services, social welfare, and economic opportunities for present populations.
Urban management is inherently shaped by political economy, governance structures, and administrative systems. Structural and functional transformations in social and political institutions have given rise to diverse urban management models across different regions. In many developing countries, unfavorable urban growth patterns have resulted in informal settlements, inadequate service delivery, environmental degradation, and social exclusion. If current trends persist, a substantial proportion of urban residents will continue to live in overcrowded and underserved neighborhoods, often within legal city boundaries yet deprived of fundamental rights and security. These conditions compel households to rely on informal and costly service markets, further diminishing urban quality of life.
The concept of urban management gained international recognition in the 1970s, particularly through United Nations development programs such as the Urban Management Programme, which sought to address the challenges of rapidly growing cities in the Global South. Since then, urban management has evolved to emphasize principles such as citizen participation, transparency, accountability, institutional learning, and coordination across sectors. Despite this evolution, there remains conceptual fragmentation regarding the patterns, dimensions, components, and indicators that define effective urban management. This systematic review seeks to synthesize the existing research literature to identify these core elements and provide a coherent analytical framework for understanding and improving urban management practices.
- Methods
This study adopts a systematic review methodology to examine scholarly and policy-oriented literature on urban management. The review focuses on identifying recurring patterns, conceptual dimensions, structural components, and measurable indicators associated with effective urban management systems. Sources include peer-reviewed journal articles, books, international organization reports, and policy documents addressing urban governance, sustainable development, and city management reforms.
The analytical framework is structured around four interrelated domains: (1) governance and institutional arrangements, (2) socio-economic management, (3) environmental and public health management, and (4) participatory and community-based mechanisms. Particular attention is given to literature published from the 1980s onward, reflecting the period during which significant transformations occurred in local governance systems, especially in Europe and developing countries.
The review employs thematic analysis to classify urban management challenges and responses into economic, environmental, social, and infrastructural categories. Additionally, reforms in local governance—such as decentralization, public–private partnerships, and integrated planning—are examined to understand their implications for urban management effectiveness. This approach allows for the synthesis of diverse perspectives while maintaining sensitivity to contextual variations across regions.
- Results
The findings of the systematic review reveal that urban management is best understood as a multidimensional and process-oriented system rather than a single administrative function. Across the literature, urban management consistently encompasses planning, policymaking, coordination, supervision, and evaluation of urban affairs, supported by institutional and legal frameworks.
One major pattern identified is the prevalence of economic challenges as a dominant concern in urban management research. Issues such as unemployment, urban poverty, and informal economic activity are widely cited as fundamental obstacles to sustainable urban development. These challenges are often interlinked with inadequate infrastructure investment and weak local government capacity.
Environmental and public health challenges represent another critical dimension. Improper solid waste management, insufficient water and sanitation services, air pollution, and limited access to healthcare are recurrent problems in cities, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions. The literature emphasizes that environmental degradation not only undermines ecological sustainability but also exacerbates social inequality and public health risks.
Transportation and accessibility emerge as key infrastructural components of urban management. Congestion, inefficient public transport systems, and spatial mismatch between housing and employment centers reduce urban productivity and livability. Integrated transport planning is frequently highlighted as an essential indicator of effective urban management.
From a social and governance perspective, low levels of citizen participation, weak civil society engagement, crime, insecurity, and discrimination are identified as significant challenges. Since the 1980s, urban management systems—especially in Europe—have undergone reforms aimed at decentralization, redefining the relationship between governments and local communities, and promoting participatory governance. The emergence of partnerships among public institutions, private actors, and civil society has blurred traditional boundaries of urban management, leading to more collaborative governance models.
The review also highlights the influence of global agendas, particularly following the Rio Summit, which introduced sustainable development as a holistic and cross-sectoral paradigm. This shift has increased public scrutiny of environmentally harmful projects and expanded the role of media and public awareness in shaping urban management decisions.
- Conclusion
This systematic review confirms that urban management is a complex, dynamic system composed of interdependent decisions, processes, institutions, and actors. Effective urban management is not solely administrative; it is deeply embedded in governance structures, social participation, economic systems, and environmental stewardship. One of the most pressing challenges facing urban management today is the rapid pace of urbanization and demographic change, which has intensified pressures on infrastructure, services, and social cohesion.
The findings emphasize that deficiencies in urban governance—particularly limited decentralization, weak institutional coordination, and insufficient citizen participation—are central barriers to improving urban quality of life. Globalization, unclear role definitions for local governments, and financial constraints further complicate urban management efforts. Addressing these challenges requires a shift toward integrated and participatory urban management models that prioritize social acceptability, transparency, and accountability.
Based on the reviewed literature, several strategic directions emerge for strengthening urban management systems. These include reinforcing supervisory and regulatory mechanisms, implementing comprehensive and integrated urban management frameworks, developing effective legal instruments, and promoting citizen participation in decision-making processes. Scientific and evidence-based planning, supported by continuous evaluation and learning, is also essential for identifying urban constraints and overcoming institutional barriers.
In conclusion, sustainable and integrated urban management is a prerequisite for achieving livable, inclusive, and resilient cities. By systematically identifying the patterns, dimensions, components, and indicators of urban management, this study contributes to clarifying a fragmented field and provides a conceptual foundation for future research and policy formulation. Urban managers and planners can use these insights to design adaptive governance systems capable of responding to the evolving challenges of contemporary urbanization while ensuring long-term sustainability and social well-being.
Objective: Urban management is one of the issues that need to be revised for the administration of future cities. We cannot just rely on its conventional concept, which evokes the city administration based on the specific location and system. This concept is one of the areas in dire need of future research because it is directly tied to the daily life and fate of citizens. Based on this, the current study aims to know the dimensions, components, and indicators of urban management using the systematic review method of the research.
Methods: The present research was conducted using a systematic review method, which includes the definition, search, selection, analysis, and synthesis steps. The process of searching for research-related resources was carried out in August 2023 for 31 days. An initial search identified a large number of sources. Among these, 105 sources matched the title of the research and were selected for the final analysis. Selected sources belong to a period of 2000-2023. In order to conduct a comprehensive background check related to urban management, a three-step systematic process, i.e., search based on online databases, screening process, refinement, and final analysis, has been used to select papers.
Results: The findings of the systematic review show that most papers belong to the years 2010 to 2015. Finally, after studying and extracting various resources and by emphasizing the specialization of urban management and the developments that should become common in this field, the need for change in the laws and organizations of urban management was pointed out.
Conclusion: One of the main challenges of urban management is the problems caused by the increase in population and urbanization, as well as the lack of governance and social participation in the process of urban management, which in studies, less attention has been paid to the different dimensions of the city and its context in the quality of urban management and governance.
- Introduction
Rapid urbanization, socio-economic transformation, and environmental pressures have intensified the complexity of managing contemporary cities. Urban management has consequently emerged as a central concern for policymakers, planners, and scholars seeking to ensure sustainable urban development and improved quality of life. Today, the primary objective of urban managers is no longer limited to service provision but extends to achieving sustainable cities through integrated, inclusive, and adaptive management systems. Sustainable urban management aims to safeguard resources for future generations while simultaneously delivering equitable public services, social welfare, and economic opportunities for present populations.
Urban management is inherently shaped by political economy, governance structures, and administrative systems. Structural and functional transformations in social and political institutions have given rise to diverse urban management models across different regions. In many developing countries, unfavorable urban growth patterns have resulted in informal settlements, inadequate service delivery, environmental degradation, and social exclusion. If current trends persist, a substantial proportion of urban residents will continue to live in overcrowded and underserved neighborhoods, often within legal city boundaries yet deprived of fundamental rights and security. These conditions compel households to rely on informal and costly service markets, further diminishing urban quality of life.
The concept of urban management gained international recognition in the 1970s, particularly through United Nations development programs such as the Urban Management Programme, which sought to address the challenges of rapidly growing cities in the Global South. Since then, urban management has evolved to emphasize principles such as citizen participation, transparency, accountability, institutional learning, and coordination across sectors. Despite this evolution, there remains conceptual fragmentation regarding the patterns, dimensions, components, and indicators that define effective urban management. This systematic review seeks to synthesize the existing research literature to identify these core elements and provide a coherent analytical framework for understanding and improving urban management practices.
- Methods
This study adopts a systematic review methodology to examine scholarly and policy-oriented literature on urban management. The review focuses on identifying recurring patterns, conceptual dimensions, structural components, and measurable indicators associated with effective urban management systems. Sources include peer-reviewed journal articles, books, international organization reports, and policy documents addressing urban governance, sustainable development, and city management reforms.
The analytical framework is structured around four interrelated domains: (1) governance and institutional arrangements, (2) socio-economic management, (3) environmental and public health management, and (4) participatory and community-based mechanisms. Particular attention is given to literature published from the 1980s onward, reflecting the period during which significant transformations occurred in local governance systems, especially in Europe and developing countries.
The review employs thematic analysis to classify urban management challenges and responses into economic, environmental, social, and infrastructural categories. Additionally, reforms in local governance—such as decentralization, public–private partnerships, and integrated planning—are examined to understand their implications for urban management effectiveness. This approach allows for the synthesis of diverse perspectives while maintaining sensitivity to contextual variations across regions.
- Results
The findings of the systematic review reveal that urban management is best understood as a multidimensional and process-oriented system rather than a single administrative function. Across the literature, urban management consistently encompasses planning, policymaking, coordination, supervision, and evaluation of urban affairs, supported by institutional and legal frameworks.
One major pattern identified is the prevalence of economic challenges as a dominant concern in urban management research. Issues such as unemployment, urban poverty, and informal economic activity are widely cited as fundamental obstacles to sustainable urban development. These challenges are often interlinked with inadequate infrastructure investment and weak local government capacity.
Environmental and public health challenges represent another critical dimension. Improper solid waste management, insufficient water and sanitation services, air pollution, and limited access to healthcare are recurrent problems in cities, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions. The literature emphasizes that environmental degradation not only undermines ecological sustainability but also exacerbates social inequality and public health risks.
Transportation and accessibility emerge as key infrastructural components of urban management. Congestion, inefficient public transport systems, and spatial mismatch between housing and employment centers reduce urban productivity and livability. Integrated transport planning is frequently highlighted as an essential indicator of effective urban management.
From a social and governance perspective, low levels of citizen participation, weak civil society engagement, crime, insecurity, and discrimination are identified as significant challenges. Since the 1980s, urban management systems—especially in Europe—have undergone reforms aimed at decentralization, redefining the relationship between governments and local communities, and promoting participatory governance. The emergence of partnerships among public institutions, private actors, and civil society has blurred traditional boundaries of urban management, leading to more collaborative governance models.
The review also highlights the influence of global agendas, particularly following the Rio Summit, which introduced sustainable development as a holistic and cross-sectoral paradigm. This shift has increased public scrutiny of environmentally harmful projects and expanded the role of media and public awareness in shaping urban management decisions.
- Conclusion
This systematic review confirms that urban management is a complex, dynamic system composed of interdependent decisions, processes, institutions, and actors. Effective urban management is not solely administrative; it is deeply embedded in governance structures, social participation, economic systems, and environmental stewardship. One of the most pressing challenges facing urban management today is the rapid pace of urbanization and demographic change, which has intensified pressures on infrastructure, services, and social cohesion.
The findings emphasize that deficiencies in urban governance—particularly limited decentralization, weak institutional coordination, and insufficient citizen participation—are central barriers to improving urban quality of life. Globalization, unclear role definitions for local governments, and financial constraints further complicate urban management efforts. Addressing these challenges requires a shift toward integrated and participatory urban management models that prioritize social acceptability, transparency, and accountability.
Based on the reviewed literature, several strategic directions emerge for strengthening urban management systems. These include reinforcing supervisory and regulatory mechanisms, implementing comprehensive and integrated urban management frameworks, developing effective legal instruments, and promoting citizen participation in decision-making processes. Scientific and evidence-based planning, supported by continuous evaluation and learning, is also essential for identifying urban constraints and overcoming institutional barriers.
In conclusion, sustainable and integrated urban management is a prerequisite for achieving livable, inclusive, and resilient cities. By systematically identifying the patterns, dimensions, components, and indicators of urban management, this study contributes to clarifying a fragmented field and provides a conceptual foundation for future research and policy formulation. Urban managers and planners can use these insights to design adaptive governance systems capable of responding to the evolving challenges of contemporary urbanization while ensuring long-term sustainability and social well-being.
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