Investigating the Effect of Changing Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation on the Scratch Degradation of Ti-6Al-4V
محورهای موضوعی : Journal of Environmental Friendly Materials
M.R. Tavighi
1
(Advanced Materials Engineering Research Center, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.)
A. Rabieifar
2
(Advanced Materials Engineering Research Center, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.)
O. Ashkani
3
(Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.)
A. Asaadi Zahraei
4
(Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Khajeh Nasir Toosi University, Tehran. Iran)
کلید واژه: Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO), Ti6Al4V Alloy, Scratch Test, Degradation Mechanisms,
چکیده مقاله :
In this research, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) was prepared at duty voltage of 350 and 450 V and processing time of 5 and 10 minutes on Ti-6Al-4V alloy in Na2SiO3 + KOH electrolyte. Then, the adhesion strength and microstructural degradation of the coating surface were investigated through a constant load scratch test, field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results showed that while increasing the processing time and duty voltage, the density of porosity and the amount of rutile on the coating surface increased. Meanwhile, microstructure degradations like delamination, gross spallation, and buckling spallation decreased due to increased adhesion strength. This resulted from an increase in voltage and processing time.
In this research, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) was prepared at duty voltage of 350 and 450 V and processing time of 5 and 10 minutes on Ti-6Al-4V alloy in Na2SiO3 + KOH electrolyte. Then, the adhesion strength and microstructural degradation of the coating surface were investigated through a constant load scratch test, field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results showed that while increasing the processing time and duty voltage, the density of porosity and the amount of rutile on the coating surface increased. Meanwhile, microstructure degradations like delamination, gross spallation, and buckling spallation decreased due to increased adhesion strength. This resulted from an increase in voltage and processing time.
[1] Sikdar S, Menezes PV, Maccione R, Jacob T, Menezes PL. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process—processing, Charact. appl. nanomater. 2021, 22;11(6):1375.
[2]Simchen F, Sieber M, Kopp A, Lampke T. Introduction to plasma electrolytic oxidation—An overview of the process and applications. Coatings. 2020, 30;10(7):628.
[3] Lu X, Chen Y, Blawert C, Li Y, Zhang T, Wang F, Kainer KU, Zheludkevich M. Influence of SiO2 particles on the corrosion and wear resistance of plasma electrolytic oxidation-coated AM50 Mg alloy. Coatings. 2018, 29;8(9):306.
[4] Wang JH, Wang J, Lu Y, Du MH, Han FZ. Effects of single pulse energy on the properties of ceramic coating prepared by micro-arc oxidation on Ti alloy. Appl. Surf Sci., 2015, 1;324:405-13.
[5] Dong H. Tribological properties of titanium-based alloys. Surf Eng Light Alloys., 2010, 1 (58-80). Woodhead Publishing.
[6] Darband GB, Aliofkhazraei M, Hamghalam P, Valizade N. Plasma electrolytic oxidation of magnesium and its alloys: Mechanism, properties and applications. J. Magnes Alloys., 2017, 1;5(1):74-132.
[7] Clyne TW, Troughton SC. A review of recent work on discharge characteristics during plasma electrolytic oxidation of various metals. Int. Mater. Rev. 2019;64(3):127-62.
[8] Srinivasan PB, Blawert C, Dietzel W. Effect of plasma electrolytic oxidation treatment on the corrosion and stress corrosion cracking behaviour of AM50 magnesium alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng.: A. 2008, 25;494(1-2):401-6.
[9] Songur F, Dikici B, Niinomi M, Arslan E. The plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings to enhance in-vitro corrosion resistance of Ti–29Nb–13Ta–4.6 Zr alloys: The combined effect of duty cycle and the deposition frequency. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2019, 25;374:345-54.
[10] Vakili-Azghandi M, Fattah-Alhosseini A. Effects of duty cycle, current frequency, and current density on corrosion behavior of the plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on 6061 Al alloy in artificial seawater. Metall. Trans.Mater., A. 2017;48:4681-92.
[11] Fattah-Alhosseini A, Keshavarz MK, Molaei M, Gashti SO. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process on commercially pure Ti surface: effects of electrolyte on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of coatings. Metall. Trans. Mater. A. 2018;49:4966-79.
[12] Romeo E, Lops D, Margutti E, Ghisolfi M, Chiapasco M, Vogel G. Long-term survival and success of oral implants in the treatment of full and partial arches: a 7-year prospective study with the ITI dental implant system. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac Implants., 2004, 1;19(2).
[13] McCracken M. Dental implant materials: commercially pure titanium and titanium alloys. J.Prosthodont. 1999;8(1):40-3.
[14] Zinsli B, Sägesser T, Mericske E, Mericske-Stern R. Clinical evaluation of small-diameter ITI implants: a prospective study. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac Implants.2004, 1;19(1).
[15] Chrcanovic BR, Kisch J, Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. Factors influencing the fracture of dental implants. Clin. Implant Dent.Relat. Res. 2018;20(1):58-67.
[16] Cordeiro JM, Barão VA. Is there scientific evidence favoring the substitution of commercially pure titanium with titanium alloys for the manufacture of dental implants. Mater. Sci. Eng.: C. 2017, 1;71:1201-15.
[17] Elias LM, Schneider SG, Schneider S, Silva HM, Malvisi F. Microstructural and mechanical characterization of biomedical Ti–Nb–Zr(–Ta)alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 2006 25;432(1-2):108-12.
[18] Cordeiro JM, Beline T, Ribeiro AL, Rangel EC, da Cruz NC, Landers R, Faverani LP, Vaz LG, Fais LM, Vicente FB, Grandini CR. Development of binary and ternary titanium alloys for dental implants. Dent. Mater. 2017, 1;33(11):1244-57.
[19] Guo Y, Chen D, Lu W, Jia Y, Wang L, Zhang X. Corrosion resistance and in vitro response of a novel Ti35Nb2Ta3Zr alloy with a low Young's modulus. Biomed. Mater. 2013, 3;8(5):055004.
[20] Stenlund P, Omar O, Brohede U, Norgren S, Norlindh B, Johansson A, Lausmaa J, Thomsen P, Palmquist A. Bone response to a novel Ti–Ta–Nb–Zr alloy. Acta Biomater. 2015, 1;20:165-75.
[21] Yao Z, Su P, Shen Q, Ju P, Wu C, Zhai Y, Jiang Z. Preparation of thermal control coatings on Ti alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation in K2ZrF6 solution. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2015, 15;269:273-8.
[22] Zhou H, Liu Z, Li Z, Du J. Microarc oxidation coating and high-temperature oxidation resistant property on Ti alloy. Rare Metal Mater. Eng. 2005;34(11):1835-8.
[23]Hao J, Jie W, Chen H, Ye Y. The Effect of SiO 32- on Micro-Arc Oxidization Ceramic Layer of TiAl Alloy. Rare Metal Mater. Eng., 2005;34(9):1455-9.
[24] Z.L. Tang, F.H. Wang and W.T. Wu, Effect of micro-arc oxidation treatment on oxidation resistance of TiAl alloy, Chin. J. Non-ferrous Met., Vol. 9, 1999, p 63–8.
[25] Fan XP. Effects of process parameters on microarc oxidation film layers of porous titanium. Appl. Ecol. Environ. Sci.2019, 1;17(4).
[26] Ping W, Ting W, Hao P, Yang GX. Effect of NaAlO2 concentrations on the properties of micro-arc oxidation coatings on pure titanium. Mater. Letters. 2016, 1;170:171-4.
[27] Wang S, Liu X, Yin X, Du N. Influence of electrolyte components on the microstructure and growth mechanism of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on 1060 aluminum alloy., Surf. Coat. Technol. 2020, 15;381:125214.
[28] Yao Z, Shen Q, Niu A, Hu B, Jiang Z. Preparation of high emissivity and low absorbance thermal control coatings on Ti alloys by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2014, 15;242:146-51.
[29] Xue W, Wang C, Chen R, Deng Z. Structure and properties characterization of ceramic coatings produced on Ti–6Al–4V alloy by microarc oxidation in aluminate solution.,ACS Mater. Lett. 2002, 1;52(6):435-41.
[30] Shokouhfar M, Dehghanian C, Montazeri M, Baradaran AJ. Preparation of ceramic coating on Ti substrate by plasma electrolytic oxidation in different electrolytes and evaluation of its corrosion resistance: Part II. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2012, 15;258(7):2416-23.
[31] Durdu S, Usta M. The tribological properties of bioceramic coatings produced on Ti6Al4V alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Ceram. Int., 2014, 1;40(2):3627-35.
[32] Wei D, Zhou Y, Guo H. Characterization and properties of microarc oxidized coatings containing Si, Ca and Na on titanium. Ceram. Int., 2011 1;37(6):1761-8.
[33] Sharifi H, Aliofkhazraei M, Darband GB, Shrestha S. A review on adhesion strength of peo coatings by scratch test method. Surf. Rev. Lett. 2018 25;25(03):1830004.
