Response of Crop Production of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Use Different Level of Zinc Sulphate and Urea Fertilizer
محورهای موضوعی : Journal of Crop Nutrition ScienceAzam Makvandi 1 , Mojtaba Alavifazel 2
1 - MSc. Graduated, Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 - Professor, Department of Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
کلید واژه: Grain weight, Micro element, Nitrogen, Nutrition, Yield,
چکیده مقاله :
BACKGROUND: Fertilizer management plays an important role for obtaining satisfactory yields and to increase crop productivity. Zinc plays an important role in protein metabolism, gene expression, structural and functional integrity of biological membranes and photosynthetic carbon metabolism. Indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers to achieve high yield and to compensate for lack of nutrients and consequently the increase of production costs and destruction of soil and water resources have made the specialists interested in healthy and stable crop systems in terms of ecology. OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to assess effect of different level of micro nutrient (Zinc) and macro nutrient (Nitrogen) on effective traits on wheat grain yield. METHODS: This research was done via factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications along 2016 year. The treatments included foliar application Zinc sulphate (Control, 3, 5 and 7 L.1000L-1 water) and Urea fertilizer (Control, 10, 20, 30 kg.ha-1). RESULT: According result of analysis of variance effect of Zinc sulphate, Urea fertilizer and interaction effect of treatments on all measured traits was significant (instead 1000 grain weight and harvest index). Evaluation mean comparison result of interaction effect of treatments indicated maximum number of grain per spike (30.58), number of spikelet per spike (17.39), grain yield (4547.78 kg.ha-1) and biological yield (13776.03 kg.ha-1) was noted for 7 L.1000L-1 water zinc sulphate and 30 kg.ha-1 Urea fertilizer and lowest ones belonged to control. CONCLUSION: In general, according result of current research foliar application of urea (30 kg.ha-1) and zinc sulfate (7 L.1000L-1 water) can replace soil application to increase wheat production and can be advised to producers.
BACKGROUND: Fertilizer management plays an important role for obtaining satisfactory yields and to increase crop productivity. Zinc plays an important role in protein metabolism, gene expression, structural and functional integrity of biological membranes and photosynthetic carbon metabolism. Indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers to achieve high yield and to compensate for lack of nutrients and consequently the increase of production costs and destruction of soil and water resources have made the specialists interested in healthy and stable crop systems in terms of ecology. OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to assess effect of different level of micro nutrient (Zinc) and macro nutrient (Nitrogen) on effective traits on wheat grain yield. METHODS: This research was done via factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications along 2016 year. The treatments included foliar application Zinc sulphate (Control, 3, 5 and 7 L.1000L-1 water) and Urea fertilizer (Control, 10, 20, 30 kg.ha-1). RESULT: According result of analysis of variance effect of Zinc sulphate, Urea fertilizer and interaction effect of treatments on all measured traits was significant (instead 1000 grain weight and harvest index). Evaluation mean comparison result of interaction effect of treatments indicated maximum number of grain per spike (30.58), number of spikelet per spike (17.39), grain yield (4547.78 kg.ha-1) and biological yield (13776.03 kg.ha-1) was noted for 7 L.1000L-1 water zinc sulphate and 30 kg.ha-1 Urea fertilizer and lowest ones belonged to control. CONCLUSION: In general, according result of current research foliar application of urea (30 kg.ha-1) and zinc sulfate (7 L.1000L-1 water) can replace soil application to increase wheat production and can be advised to producers.
Afshari, M. 2020. Assessment Effect of Water Deficit Stress and Foliar Application of Zinc Sulfate on Grain yield, Grain Protein and Antioxidant Enzymes. J. Crop. Nutr. Sci. 6(2): 13-25.
Aftab, W., A. Ghaffar, M. M. Khalid Hussain. and W. Nasim. 2007. Yield response of maize hydrides to varying nitrogen rates. Pak. J. Agri. Sci. 44(2): 217-220.
Ali, S., A. Shah, M. Arif, G. Miraj, I. Ali, M. Sajjad, M. Farhatollah, Y. Khan. and M. Khan. 2009. Enhancement of wheat grain yield components through foliar applica-tion of zinc and boron. Sarhad J. Agri. 25(1): 15-19.
Baligar, V. C., N. K. Fageria. and Z. L. He. 2001. Nutrient use efficiency in plants. Communications in Oil Sci. Plant Analysis. 32: 921-950.
Belete, F., N. Dechassa, A. Molla. and T. Tana. 2018. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates on grain yield and nitrogen uptake and use efficiency of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties on the Vertisols of central highlands of Ethiopia. Agri. Food Secu-rity. 7:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-018-0231-z.
Ben Chikha, M. 2017. Variability of Tolerance to Salt Stress in Local Genotypes of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Depending on the Stage of Development. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis. University of Tunis EL Manar. Tunis. Tunisia. p. 162.
Cakmak, I. 2000. Tansley Review No. 111-possible roles of zinc in protecting plant cells from damage by reactive oxygen species. New Phytol. 146: 185-205.
Erenoglu, B., M. Nikolic, V. Romheld. and I. Cakmak. 2002. Uptake and transport of foliar applied zinc (65Zn) in bread and durum wheat cultivars differing in zinc effi-ciency. Plant and Soil. 241: 251-257.
Feiziasl, V., A. Fotovat, A. Astaraeiand. and A. Lakzyan. 2014. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates and application time on root characteristics of dryland wheat genotypes. Iranian Dryland Agron. J. 3 (1): 40-60.
Ferrari, M., C. Dal Cortivo, A. Panozzo, G. Barion, G. Visioli, G. Giannelli. and T. Vamerali. 2021. Comparing soil vs. foliar nitrogen supply of the whole fertilizer dose in common wheat. Agronomy. J. 11(11): 2138.
Gardner, F. P., R. B. Pearce. and R. L. Mitchell. 1985. Physiology of crop plants. Ames, IA: Iowa State Univ. Press. USA. 121 pp.
Garg, B. K., S. Kathju. and S. P. Vyas .2005. Salinity-fertility interaction on growth. Photosynthesis and nitrate reductase activity in sesame. Indian J. Plant Physiol. 10: 162-167.
Hossain, M. and V. P. Singh. 2000. Fertilizer use in Asian agriculture: implications for sustaining food security and the environment. Nutr. Cycl. Agro-Eco-Sys. J. 57: 155-169.
Hussain, S., M. A. Maqsood, Z. Rengel. and T. Aziz. 2012. Biofortification and esti-mated human bioavailability of zinc in wheat grains as influenced by methods of zinc application. Plant Soil. 361: 279-290.
Kannan, S. 2010. Foliar fertilization for sustainable crop production. Genetic Engineer-ing, Biofertilisation, Soil Quality and Organic Farming. 23(4): 371-402.
Karimian, N. and G. R. Moafpouryan. 1999. Zinc adsorption characteristics of se-lected calcareous soils of Iran and their relationship with soil properties. Communication Soil Sci. Plant Analyses. 30: 1721-1731.
Klikocka, H., M. Cybulska, B. Barczak, B. Narolski, B. Szostak, B. Kobiałka, B. Nowak. and A. Wójcik, E. 2016. The effect of sulphur and nitrogen fertilization on grain yield and technological quality of spring wheat. Plant Soil Environ. 62(5): 230-236.
Ladha, K. J., H. Pathak, T. J. Krupnik, J. Six. and C. Van Kessel. 2005. Efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen in cereal production: Retrospect and prospects. J. Adv. Agron. 87: 85-156.
Luo, Y., R. Reid, D. Freese, C. Li. and A. Loraine. 2016. N structure response re-vealed by Azospirillum in a diploid halophytic wild relative of sweet potato. Sci. Rep. 7: 9624–9637.
Ma, G., W. Liu, S. Li, P. Zhang, H. Lu, L. Wang, Y. Xie, D. Ma. and G. Kang. 2019. Determining the optimal N input to improve grain yield and quality in winter wheat with reduced apparent N loss in the North China plain. Front. Plant Sci. 10: 1-12.
Malakouti, M. J. and M. M. Tehrani .2005. The role of Zinc in increasing quantitative and qualitative products and improving community health. Agri. Edu. Pub. 194 pp. (Ab-stract in English)
Malian, M., A. H. Khoshgoftarmanesh, H. Shariati, M. Majidi, H. R. Sharifi. and A. Sanaee. 2014. The effect of zinc fertilizer application on grain yield of different zinc-efficient spring and winter wheat cultivars. J. Crop Prod. Proc. 4(12): 157-169.
Mirsaleh Mahabadi, A. R., Sh. Rezvan. and Ali. Damavandi. 2020. Investigation of quantitative and qualitative changes in durum wheat yield with the application of nitro-gen and zinc fertilizers under different irrigation levels. Crop Physiol. J. 12(46): 65-80. (Abstract in English)
Mosavi, S. R., M. Galavi. and G. Ahmadvand. 2007. Effect of zinc and manganese foliar application on yield, quality and enrichment on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Asian J. Plant Sci. 6: 1256-1260.
Negrao, S., S. M. Schmöckel. and M. Tester. 2017. Evaluating physiological responses of plants to N application. Ann. Bot. 119: 1-11.
Rajabi, R., S. V. Eslami, M. J. Al Ahmadi, R. Mohammadi. and M. Saeidi. 2022. The effects of times and method of urea fertilizer application on grain protein content and nitrogen remobilization under supplementary irrigation in dryland wheat. Plant Pro-duction and Genetics. 3(2): 189-204. (Abstract in English)
Sadeghi, H. and A. R. Kazemeini. 2011. Effect of crop residue management and ni-trogen fertilizer on grain yield and yield components of two barley cultivars under dry land conditions. Iran. J. Crop Sci. 13(3): 436-451. (Abstract in English)
Sadeghzadeh, B. 2013. A review of zinc nutrition and plant breeding. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutrition. 13(4): 905-927.
Seyed Hayat Gheyb, B., M. Mojaddam. and N. Derogar. 2019. Studying zinc sul-phate effects on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under different irrigation regimes. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sci. 12(1): 75-84.
Shabankareh, M. G., H. Amanipoor, S. Battaleb-Looie. and J. D. Khatooni. 2018. Statistical modeling the effect of sediment physicochemical properties on the concentra-tion of heavy metal (Case study: Musa Creek, SW Iran). J. Environmental Earth Sci. 77: 10-18.
Shah, A. N., G. Yang, M. Tanveer. and J. Iqbal. 2017. Leaf gas exchange, source–sink relationship, and growth response of cotton to the interactive effects of nitrogen rate and planting density. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 39(5): 1-10.
Sinclair, T., R. D. M. Bennetto. and R. O. Muchow. 1990. Relative sensitivity of grain yield and biomass accumulation to drought in field grown maize. Crop Science. J. 30: 690- 693.
Szulc, P. 2013. Effects of soil supplementation with urea and magnesium on nitrogen uptake, and utilization by two different forms of maize (Zea mays L.) differing in se-nescence rates. Polish J. Environ. Stud. 22: 239-248.
Tabatabai, S. M. R., M. Oveysi. and R. Honarnejad. 2015. Evaluation of some char-acteristics of corn under water stress and zinc foliar application. Gmp Rev. 16: 34-38.
Tao, Zh., D. Wang, Xu. Chang, Y. Wang. and Y. Yang. 2018. Effects of zinc ferti-lizer and short term temperature stress on wheat grain production and wheat flour pro-teins. J. Integrative Agri. 17(9): 1979-1990.
Tehulie, N. S. and H. Eskezia. 2021. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates on growth, yield components and yield of food Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): A Review. J. Plant Sci. Agri. Res. 5(1): 1-6.
Walsh, O. S., S. Shafian. and R. J. Christiaens. 2018. Nitrogen Fertilizer Management in Dryland Wheat Cropping Systems. Plants. 7, 9.
Doi: 10.3390/plants7010009.
Yavas, I. and A. Unay. 2016. Effects of zinc and salicylic acid on wheat under drought stress. J. Anim. Plant Sci. 26: 1012-1018.
Yousefirad, S., H. Soltanloo, S. S. Ramezanpour. and K. Z. Nezhad. 2020. The nu-trients transcriptomic analysis reveals genes mediating N tolerance through rapid trigger-ing of ion transporters in mutant barley. Plant. Sci. J. 218: 471-479.
