The effect of 8 weeks of Pilates exercises with and without vitamin D supplementation on body composition and osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women
محورهای موضوعی : Exercise Physiology and PerformanceSaber Rezanejad 1 , Zeynab Mehri babadi 2 , Akram khani Rozveh 3
1 - Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Almahdi mehr, Isfahan, Iran.
2 - Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Agig, Isfahan, Iran
3 - Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
کلید واژه: Pilates exercises, vitamin D, body composition, osteoporosis, Overweight postmenopausal women,
چکیده مقاله :
Introduction: The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercises with and without vitamin D supplementation on body composition and osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women. Methodology: The statistical population of this study included postmenopausal women with an age range (50-70 years) and a high body mass index (25 to 29 kg/m2), with 40 women in three experimental groups and one group were controlled. The first group of 10 people only did Pilates, the second group of 10 people only took vitamin D supplements, the third group of 10 people did Pilates with the supplement and the last group was considered as the control group. The subjects participated in the Pilates exercise program, which included 8 weeks of three sessions of one hour per week, and took vitamin D supplements according to the schedule. Finally, the subjects' body mass index, vitamin D level, and osteoporosis level were determined before and after the activity. To check the results, the statistical method of covariance test was used at the significance level of P≤0.05. Results: Based on the obtained results, Pilates exercises along with vitamin D supplementation had an effect on the body composition of overweight postmenopausal women and reduced the body mass index of women (P≤0.05)). Pilates exercises combined with vitamin D supplementation had an effect on osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women and the rate of osteoporosis in the subjects was reduced (P≤0.05). However, supplement consumption and Pilates exercise alone did not affect the amount of body mass index and osteoporosis (P≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the results obtained from this research, it is possible to suggest Pilates exercises along with vitamin D supplementation to overweight postmenopausal women to improve body composition and prevent osteoporosis. The main goal of osteoporosis treatment is to prevent fractures.
Introduction: The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercises with and without vitamin D supplementation on body composition and osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women. Methodology: The statistical population of this study included postmenopausal women with an age range (50-70 years) and a high body mass index (25 to 29 kg/m2), with 40 women in three experimental groups and one group were controlled. The first group of 10 people only did Pilates, the second group of 10 people only took vitamin D supplements, the third group of 10 people did Pilates with the supplement and the last group was considered as the control group. The subjects participated in the Pilates exercise program, which included 8 weeks of three sessions of one hour per week, and took vitamin D supplements according to the schedule. Finally, the subjects' body mass index, vitamin D level, and osteoporosis level were determined before and after the activity. To check the results, the statistical method of covariance test was used at the significance level of P≤0.05. Results: Based on the obtained results, Pilates exercises along with vitamin D supplementation had an effect on the body composition of overweight postmenopausal women and reduced the body mass index of women (P≤0.05)). Pilates exercises combined with vitamin D supplementation had an effect on osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women and the rate of osteoporosis in the subjects was reduced (P≤0.05). However, supplement consumption and Pilates exercise alone did not affect the amount of body mass index and osteoporosis (P≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the results obtained from this research, it is possible to suggest Pilates exercises along with vitamin D supplementation to overweight postmenopausal women to improve body composition and prevent osteoporosis. The main goal of osteoporosis treatment is to prevent fractures.
1. Karampela, I., Sakelliou, A., Vallianou, N., Christodoulatos, G. S., Magkos, F., & dalamaga, M. (2021). Vitamin D and obesity: current evidence and controversies. Current obesity reports, 10, 162-180.
2. Bouillon R, Quesada Gomez JM. Comparison of calcifediol with vitamin D for prevention or cure of vitamin D deficiency.J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol.2023; 228: 106248
3. Lessan, N., Saadane, I., Alkaf, B., Hambly, C., Buckley, A. J., Finer, N., ... & Barakat, M. T. (2018). The effects of Ramadan fasting on activity and energy expenditure. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 107(1), 54-61.
4. Shoback, D., Rosen, C. J., Black, D. M., Cheung, A. M., Murad, M. H., & Eastell, R. (2020). Pharmacological management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: an endocrine society guideline update. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 105(3), 587-594.
5. Ringe, J.D. Plain vitamin D or active vitamin D in the treatment of osteoporosis: where do we stand today? Arch Osteoporos. 2020; 15, 182.
6. Eastell, R., Rosen, C. J., Black, D. M., Cheung, A. M., MuraD, M. H., & Shoback, D. (2019). Pharmacological management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: an EnDocrine Society clinical practice guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 104(5), 1595-1622.
7. Tartibian B, Fasihi L, Eslami R. The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Lumbar Bone Mineral Density in Active and Inactive Middle-aged Women. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci 2021; 20 (4).
8. Jalalian, zohreh., Abbaszadeh, Hajar. (2016). The effect of a course of aerobic exercise on BMD of three regions in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. National conference of new achievements in physical education and sports.
9. Gatti, D., & Fassio, A. (2019). Pharmacological management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: the current state of the art. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 26(4), e1-e17.
10. Mishra GD, Cooper R, Tom SE, Kuh D. Early life circumstances and their impact on menarche and menopause. Women’s Health (Lond Engl) 2009;5:175-90.
11. Kanis, J. A., Cooper, C., Rizzoli, R., Reginster, J. Y., & Scientific Advisory Board of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) and the Committees of Scientific Advisors and National Societies of the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF). (2019). Executive summary of the European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Calcified tissue international, 104, 235-238.
12. Morris DH, Jones ME, Schoemaker MJ, McFadden E, Ashworth A, Swerdlow AJ. Body mass index, exercise, and other lifestyle factors in relation to age at natural menopause: Analyses from the breakthrough generations study. Am J Epidemiol 2012;175:998-1005.
13. Rajakumar, K., Moore, C. G., KhaliD, A. T., Vallejo, A. N., Virji, M. A., Holick, M. F., ... & Reis, S. E. (2020). Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on vascular and metabolic health of vitamin D –deficient overweight and obese children: A randomized clinical trial. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 111(4), 757-768.
14. Fiamenghi, V. I., & Mello, E. D. D. (2021). Vitamin D Deficiency in children and adolescents with obesity: a meta-analysis. Jornal Pediatria, 97, 273-279.
15. khani Z, mehdizadeh R, aminian M. Effects of resistance training on vitamin D serum levels and bodily composition in vitamin D deficient postmenopausal women. Koomesh 1395; 17 (4) :871-879.
16. Zavros, A., Giannaki, C. D., Aphamis, G., Roupa, Z., & AnDreou, E. (2023). The effects of zinc and selenium supplementation on body composition and thyroid function in individuals with overweight or obesity: A systematic review. Journal of Dietary Supplements, 20(4), 643-671.
17. De Martinis M, Allegra A, Sirufo MM, Tonacci A, Pioggia G, Raggiunti M, Ginaldi L, Gangemi S. Vitamin D deficiency, osteoporosis and effect on autoimmune diseases and hematopoiesis: a review.Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22(16): 8855.
18. Daly, R. M., Dalla Via, J., Duckham, R. L., Fraser, S. F., & Helge, E. W. (2019). Exercise for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: an evidence-based guide to the optimal prescription. Brazilian journal of physical therapy, 23(2), 170-180.
19. Karinkanta S, Heinonen A, Sievanen H, Uusi-Rasi K, Pasanen M, Ojala K, et al. A multi-component exercise regimen to prevent functional decline and bone fragility in home-dwelling elderly women: randomized, controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 2007; 18: 453-62.
20. Kemmler W, Engelke K, von Stengel S, Weineck J, Lauber D, Kalender WA. Long-term four-year exercise has a positive effect on menopausal risk factors: the Erlangen Fitness Osteoporosis Prevention Study. J Strength Cond Res 2007; 21 :232-9.
21. Inderjeeth CS, Harrod W, Andrisha JI. Osteoporosis in older people, managing the risks. Med Today. 2019;20(8):10–8.
22. Nguyen TV, Center JR, Eisman JA. Osteoporosis: underrated, under diagnosed and undertreated. Med J Aust. 2004;180(5 Suppl):S18–22.
23. Rucker D, Allan JA, Fick GH, Hanley DA. Vitamin D insufficiency in a population of healthy western Canadians. Can Med Assoc J. 2002;166(12): 1517–24.
24. Chailurkit LO, Aekplakorn W, Ongphiphadhanakul B. Regional variation and determinants of vitamin D status in sunshine-abundant Thailand. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:853.
25. Aibar-Almazán, A., Martínez-Amat, A., Cruz-Díaz, D., Jesús De la Torre-Cruz, M., Jiménez-García, J. D., Zagalaz-Anula, N., & Hita-Contreras, F. (2022). The influence of pilates exercises on body composition, muscle strength, and gait speed in community-dwelling older women: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(8), 2298-2305.
26. Al-Saleh, Y., Al-Daghri, N. M., Sabico, S., Alessa, T., Al Emadi, S., Alawadi, F., & Sulimani, R. (2020). Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: Consensus statement of the GCC countries’ osteoporosis societies under the auspices of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO). Archives of osteoporosis, 15, 1-11.
27. Bastık, C., & Cicioglu, H. I. (2020). Comparison of the effect of the mat and reformer pilates exercises on the waist-hips ratio and body compositions of the middle-aged seDentary women. Progress in Nutrition.
28. Correia, J. M., Santos, I., Pezarat-Correia, P., Silva, A. M., & Mendonca, G. V. (2021). Effects of ramadan and non-ramaDan intermittent fasting on body composition: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in nutrition, 7, 625240.
29. Fernando, H. A., Zibellini, J., Harris, R. A., Seimon, R. V., & Sainsbury, A. (2019). Effect of Ramadan fasting on weight and body composition in healthy non-athlete adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 11(2), 478.
30. Gatti, D., & Fassio, A. (2019). Pharmacological management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: the current state of the art. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 26(4), e1-e17.
31. Kiliç, T., & Hinçal, S. (2021). The Effects of Pilates Mat Exercises on Self-RateD Health Levels, BoDy Mass InDex anD Flexibility in MiDDle Age SeDentary Women. EDucation Quarterly Reviews, 4(2), 166-179.
32. Amir Khosravi, Sedigheh Taherzadeh. The effect of a whole body vibration period on serum BDNF levels in obese postmenopausal women. Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology. 2022; 9(2): 81-92.
33. Geddes JA, Inderjeeth CA. Evidence for the treatment of osteoporosis with vitamin D in residential care and in the community dwelling elderly. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:463589.
34. Narula R, Tauseef M, Ahmad IA, Agarwal K, et al. Vitamin D deficiency among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013; 7(2):336–8.