پایش تغییرات مکانی غلظت رسوب معلق (SCC) با کاربرد مدل‌های رگرسیونی خطی و غیرخطی اطلاعات طیفی ماهواره‌ای در رودخانه سفیدرود در شمال ایران
محمد رضا سلامی
1
,
ابراهیم فتائی
2
,
فاطمه ناصحی
3
,
بهنام خانی زاده
4
,
حسین سعادتی
5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری رشته علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران.
2 - استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران.
3 - استاد گروه علوم و صنایع چوب و كاغذ، واحد كرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، كرج، ایران.
4 - استادیار گروه شیمی، واحد سراب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سراب، ایران.
5 - استاد گروه علوم و صنایع چوب و كاغذ، واحد كرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، كرج، ایران.
کلید واژه: سفیدرود, غلظت رسوب معلق, لندست 8, نسبت باندی B4/B3, TSM.,
چکیده مقاله :
سفیدرود یکی از پرآب‌ترین رودخانه‌های شمال ایران است که نقش بسیار مهمی در تولیدات کشارزی، دامی، شیلات و تامین انرژی برقآبی استان گیلان دارد. در پژوهش حاضر طی دوره سال 2020-2013، با استفاده داده‌های نمونه‌برداری چهار ایستگاه رسوب‌سنجی بر روی رودخانه سفیدرود و همچنین تصاویر ماهواره‌ای لندست 8، به پایش تغییرات غلظت رسوب معلق (SCC) پرداخته شد. برای این منظور روابط رگرسیون چندگانه خطی بازتاب طیفی 7 تک باند و 21 نسبت باندی با SCC مشاهداتی و همچنین رگرسیون‌های خطی ساده، لگاریتمی، توانی و نمایی شاخص TSM با SCC مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و از بین مدل‌های رگرسیونی، مدلی که دارای بیشترین R2 با SCC بود، به عنوان مناسب‌ترین مدل برای تهیه نقشه تغییرات مکانی SCC استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که شاخص TSM (نسبت B4/B3) با SCC مشاهداتی دارای بیشترین همبستگی بوده، به طوری که مقدار R2 رابطه نمایی TSM با SCC مشاهداتی 74/0 می‌باشد. در ادامه با استفاده از مدل نمایی مذکور، نقشه تغییرات مکانی SCC تهیه شد و تغییرات SCC در طول بازهای رودخانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که مقدار SCC در دو سرشاخه سفیدرود (قزل‌اوزن و شاهرود) بیشتر است، اما پس ورود این رودخانه‌ها به مخزن سد منجیل (سفیدرود) مقادیر SCC در داخل مخزن به سبب ته نشین شدن SCC ;کاهش یافته و مقادیر آن در پایین دست مخزن در طول رودخانه سفیدرود نیز نسبت به سرشاخه‌ها کمتر است. یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که از بین دو سر شاخه سفیدرود، رودخانه قزل‌اوزن با مقدار SCC بیشتر، نقش بیش‌تری در ته‌نشین شدن رسوبات در مخزن سد منجیل و کاهش ظرفیت ذخیره این سد دارد. به طور کلی نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که با استفاده از اطلاعات ماهواره ای به ویژه شاخص TSM، امکان پایش تغییرات SCC در طول رودخانه با هزینه و فواصل زمانی کوتاه به طور بسیار کارآمدی امکان‌پذیر است.
Sefidroud is one of the wateriest rivers in the north of Iran, which plays a very important role in the production of agriculture, livestock, fisheries and the supply of hydroelectric energy in Gilan province. In the current research, during the period of 2013-2020, the changes in suspended sediment concentration (SCC) were monitored using the sampling data of four sediment measuring stations on the Sefidroud River as well as Landsat 8 satellite images. For this purpose, the relationships of linear multiple regression of spectral reflectance of 7 single bands and 21 band ratios with observational SCC as well as simple, logarithmic, power and exponential linear regressions of TSM index with SCC were investigated and among the regression models, the model with the highest R2 with was SCC, it was used as the most appropriate model to prepare the map of spatial changes of SCC. The results showed that the TSM index (B4/B3 ratio) had the highest correlation with observed SCC, so that the R2 value of the exponential relationship between TSM and observed SCC was 0.74. In the following, using the mentioned exponential model, a map of spatial changes of SCC was prepared and SCC changes along the river openings were investigated. The results showed that the amount of SCC is higher in the two main branches of Sefidroud (Qezaluzen and Shahroud), but after these rivers enter the reservoir of Manjil Dam (Safiroud), the SCC values inside the reservoir decreased due to the sedimentation of SCC and its values in the downstream. The reservoir along the Sefidroud river is also less than the main branches. The findings indicate that among the two branches of Sefidroud, the Qezaluzen river with higher SCC plays a greater role in settling sediments in the reservoir of Manjil dam and reducing the storage capacity of this dam. In general, the results of this research showed that by using satellite information, especially the TSM index, it is possible to monitor SCC changes along the river at a cost and in short time intervals very efficiently.
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