بازشناسی سیر تحولی بهره‌گیری از نورروز در مدارس به منظور بهبود عملکرد کاربران فضا
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات معماری
رومینا خلیل زاده اقدمی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی، گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد تهران غرب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
سید مجید مفیدی
2
(استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران)
منصوره طاهباز
3
(دانشیار، گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: نورروز, مدرسه, بهبود عملکرد, آسایش محیطی, بهره¬وری انرژی,
چکیده مقاله :
یادگیری و آموزش بخش مهمی از زندگی هر فرد است. محیط‌های یادگیری با توجه به تربیت نسل بعدی بیشترین نقش را در جوامع بر عهده دارند. استفاده از نور روز در طراحی مدارس در طول سال‌ها مورد توجه طراحان بوده و علاوه بر بهبود کارایی دانش‌آموزان بر سلامت جسمی و روانی آن‌ها تاثیرگذار است. باتوجه به انجام فعالیت‌های بصری در کلاس، این محیط نیازمند نور روز با کیفیت است و تامین کمیت به تنهایی موثر واقع نمی‌شود. از قرن‌های پیش محققان در ارتباط با بهره‌گیری از نور روز در مدارس مطالعاتی را انجام داده‌اند که بررسی این روند نشان دهنده تاکید بر لزوم بهره‌گیری از نور روز در فضای آموزشی است. باتوجه به وقوع بحران انرژی در دنیا و لزوم بهره‌گیری از انرژی به عنوان عاملی جهت رشد، توسعه و اعمال قدرت کشورها، استفاده از انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر ضرورتی قابل انکار است. بهره‌گیری از نور روز عاملی برای مشارکت در تقلیل مصرف انرژی است و تامین آسایش محیطی نیازمند بررسی عوامل تاثیرگذار بر کیفیت نور روز دریافتی است. به منظور تامین آسایش محیطی و جلوگیری از بروز خیرگی مخل آسایش، نیاز است شاکله بندی پنجره‌ها متناسب با فضا طراحی شود تا به معیارهای مطلوبیت نور روز از جمله یکنواختی و روشنایی مفید نور روز دست یافت. بررسی سیر تحولی بهره‌گیری از نور روز در مدارس به منظور بازشناسی تاثیرات وقایع در این تغییرات هدف پژوهش حاضر است. به همین منظور با فلسفه اثبات گرایانه بر پایه علوم تجربی و با رویکرد استدلال استقرایی به بررسی تغییرات پرداخته شده‌است. نهایتا توسعه نور روز در مدارس متاثر از سه اصل رشد و پیشرفت فناوری، بحث انرژی و همچنین پیشرفت نظریه‌های آموزشی ارزیابی شده و لزوم بهره‌گیری از الگوریتم مناسب جهت استفاده از پتانسیل انرژی خورشیدی در مدارس با هدف دستیابی به آسایش بصری و بهره‌وری انرژی به اثبات می‌رسد.
Learning and education are important parts of every person's life. Schools play the most important role in societies regarding the education of the next generation. Using daylight in designing schools has attracted the attention of designers over the years, and besides improving the efficiency of students, it affects their physical and mental health. Due to performing visual activities in the classroom, it requires qualitative light and providing quantity alone is not effective. Centuries ago, researchers have conducted studies related to the daylight using in schools, and the investigation of this trend indicates daylight using in educational environments. Considering the occurrence of energy crisis in the world and the need to use energy as a factor for growth, development and exercise of the countries power, the use of renewable energy is an undeniable necessity. Daylight using is a factor for participation in reducing energy consumption, and providing environmental comfort requires investigating the factors affecting the quality of received daylight. In order to provide environmental comfort and prevent disturbing glare, it is necessary to design the windows according to the space in order to achieve the criteria of daylight desirability, including the uniformity and useful daylight illuminance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the evolutionary process of using daylight in schools in order to recognize the effects of events in these changes. For this purpose, changes have been investigated with positivist philosophy based on empirical sciences and with inductive reasoning approach. Finally, the development of daylight in schools is affected by the three principles of growth and development of technology, the energy debate, as well as the development of educational theories, and the need to use the appropriate algorithm to use the potential of solar energy in schools with the aim of achieving visual comfort and energy efficiency is proven.
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