تاثیر سیستم های خاک‌ورزی و کود شیمیایی نیتروژن بر ویژگی های اگروفیزیولوژیک ذرت دانه ای
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیرضا ایمانی 1 , مرتضی سام دلیری 2 , امیر عباس موسوی 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران.
2 - گروه زراعت ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد چالوس. چالوس، ایران
3 - استادیار زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد چالوس، چالوس، ایران
کلید واژه: بهره وری نیتروژن, کارایی جذب نیتروژن, عملکرد بیولوژیک, مصرف نیتروژن,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی تأثیر روش‌های خاک‌ورزی و کود نیتروژن برشاخص های اگروفیزیولوزیک ذرت آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1395 و 1396 در مزرعه‌تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد چالوس انجام گرفت. آزمایش به صورت کرت های یک بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تكرار انجام شد. عامل‌های آزمایش شامل خاک‌ورزی در سه سطح (بدون خاک‌ورزی، خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی و خاک‌ورزی مرسوم) در کرت اصلی و کود شیمیایی نیتروژن در چهار سطح شامل عدم مصرف کودهای شیمیایی صفر، 33، 66 و 100 درصد میزان توصیه شده کود نیتروژن از منبع کود اوره بر اساس آزمون خاک در کرت فرعی بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین اثر خاک‌ورزی نشان داد بیشترین عملکرد دانه به میزان 10247 کیلوگرم در هکتار و عملکرد بیولوژیک به میزان 15754 کیلوگرم در هکتار از تیمار خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی به دست آمد. مقایسه میانگین برهم‌کنش سال در خاک‌ورزی نیز نشان داد بیشترین کارایی جذب نیتروژن در تیمار خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی در سال دوم به میزان 0/09 کیلوگرم برکیلوگرم مشاهده شد که نسبت به تیمار بدون خاک‌ورزی در سال اول 47 درصد افزایش نشان داد. کارایی جذب نیتروژن در تیمارهای خاک‌ورزی در سال دوم نسبت به سال اول افزایش یافت که این افزایش در تیمارهای خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی و بدون خاک‌ورزی بیشتر بود. مقایسه میانگین تیمار کود نیتروژن نشان داد که بیشترین نیتروژن دانه در تیمار 100 درصد کود نیتروژن به میزان 1/98 درصد به دست آمد که نسبت به تیمار شاهد 25/7 درصد افزایش نشان داد. به طورکلی، نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد با اعمال روش‌های خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی می‌توان کمترین آسیب را به ساختمان خاک وارد کرد و از این طریق می‌توان حداکثر عملکرد و کارایی در گیاه ذرت را داشت. از این رو، با توجه به عملکرد دانه مناسب ترین تیمار برای منطقه مورد مطالعه استفاده از خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی در شرایط استفاده از 66 درصد نیتروژن توصیه شده می‌باشد.
To investigate the effect of tillage systems and nitrogen fertilizer on corn characteristics, in 2016 and 2017, a research field was conducted in the research farm of Islamic Azad University Chalous Branch during two cropping years.The experiment was performed as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors include tillage at three levels (no-tillage, conservation tillage and conventional tillage) in the main plot and nitrogen fertilizer sources at four levels, including non-application of zero, 33, 66,and 100% of the recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizer based on the test. The soil was on a subplot.Comparing the average effect of tillage showed that the highest grain yield was obtained in conservation tillage treatment at the rate of 10247 kg/ha-1. Comparison of tillage's average effect showed that the highest biological product was received in conservation tillage at the rate of 15754 kg/ha-1. Comparison of the average interaction of the year in tillage also showed that the highest NUPE was observed in the conservation tillage treatment in the second year at the rate of 0.90 kg.kg-1, which showed an increase of 47% compared to the treatment no tillage in the first year. NUPE in tillage treatments increased in the second year compared to the first year, which was higher in conservation and non-tillage tillage treatments. Comparison of the average treatment of nitrogen fertilizer showed that the highest grain nitrogen was obtained in the treatment of 100% nitrogen fertilizer at the rate of 1.98%, which showed an increase of 25.7% compared to the control treatment.In general, the results of this study showed that by applying conservation tillage methods, the least damage can be done to the soil structure, and through this, maximum yield and efficiency can be achieved in the corn plant. Therefore, according to grain yield, the most appropriate treatment for the study area is the use of conservation tillage in the case of fertilizer application of 66% nitrogen.
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