کشت مخلوط ذرت- بادام زمینی تحت تلقیح با ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم (Azotobacter chroococcum)
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیسیاوش پورجانی 1 , هاشم امين پناه 2 , محمدنقی صفرزاد ویشکایی 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، رشت، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، رشت، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، رشت، ایران
کلید واژه: باکتری های محرک رشد گیاه, کشاورزی پایدار, کشت مخلوط غلات- بقولات, عملکرد, نسبت برابری زمین,
چکیده مقاله :
استفاده از کشت مخلوط و باکتری های محرک رشد گیاه منجر به افزایش پایداری نظام‌های کشاورزی می گردد. به‌منظور بررسی اثر ازتوباکتر بر عملکرد بادام‌زمینی و ذرت در کشت مخلوط، یک آزمایش دو ساله به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در آستانه اشرفیه، استان گیلان، انجام شد. عامل اول شامل باکتری ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم (تلقیح و عدم تلقیح) و عامل دوم شامل الگوی کشت مخلوط در 8 سطح شامل کشت خالص ذرت، کشت خالص بادام‌زمینی، الگوهای کشت مخلوط افزایشی (100 درصد بادام‌زمینی+100 درصد ذرت، 100 درصد بادام‌زمینی+ 50 درصد ذرت و 100درصد ذرت+50 درصد بادام‌زمینی) و الگوهای کشت مخلوط جایگزینی (50 درصد ذرت+50 درصد بادام‌زمینی، 67 درصد ذرت+33 درصد بادام‌زمینی و 33 درصد ذرت+67 درصد بادام‌زمینی) بودند. نتایج نشان داد عملکرد دانه ذرت و بادام‌زمینی به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر ازتوباکتر و نسبت کشت مخلوط قرار گرفت. کاربرد ازتوباکتر سبب افزایش عملکرد دانه ذرت و بادام‌زمینی به‌ترتیب به میزان 16 و 10 درصد گردید. حداکثر و حداقل نسبت برابری زمین به‌ترتیب در الگوی کشت مخلوط 100 درصد بادام‌زمینی+50 درصد ذرت و 50 درصد ذرت+50 درصد بادام‌زمینی مشاهده شد و کاربرد ازتوباکتر سبب افزایش نسبت برابری زمین بین 12 تا 16 درصد در الگوهای مختلف کشت مخلوط گردید. با توجه به عدم امکان کنترل ماشینی علف‌های‌هرز در الگوهای کشت مخلوط افزایشی، در صورت آلودگی کم مزرعه به علف‌های‌هرز، الگوی کشت 100 درصد بادام‌زمینی+50 درصد ذرت همراه با کاربرد ازتوباکتر مناسب خواهد بود. در غیراین‌صورت، با توجه به نسبت برابری زمین و عملکرد بادام زمینی، الگوی کشت مخلوط 67 درصد بادام‌زمینی+33 درصد ذرت همراه با کاربرد ازتوباکتر مناسب خواهد بود.
Intercropping and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria improve sustainability of agro-ecosystems. To evaluate the effect of Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) inoculation on productivity of a peanut /maize intercropping system, a two-year study was design as a randomized complete block in a factorial arrangement with three replicates at Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, Guilan province. Factors were Azotobacter inoculation [control (non-inoculated) and inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum) and intercropping pattern (Sole cropping of peanut and maize, additive intercropping pattern at three levels (100% peanut + 100% maize, 100% peanut + 50% maize, and 50% peanut + 100% maize), and replacement intercropping pattern at three levels (50% peanut + 50% maize, 67% peanut +33% maize, and 33% peanut + 67% maize). Results showed that gain yields of maize and peanut were significantly affected by Azotobacter inoculation and intercropping pattern. Inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum significantly increased grain yields of peanut and maize by 10% and 16%, respectively. Maximum and minimum of land equivalent ratio (LER) were observed at 100% peanut + 50% maize and 50% peanut + 50% maize, respectively and inoculated intercropped plots with Azotobacter chroococcum had 12-16% grater LER that non-inoculated ones. Regards to impossibility of mechanical weed control by machines in additive intercropping patterns, to obtain the highest productivity in maize/peanut intercropping system, intercropping pattern of 100% peanut + 50% maize along with Azotobacter application will be suitable in fields with low weed density. Otherwise, based on LER and grain yield of peanut, the intercropping pattern of 67% peanut + 33% maize along with Azotobacter application will be suitable.
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