تأثیر سرمایه فکری، مدیریت دانش، نوآوری و استراتژی تمایز بر مزیت رقابتی: دیدگاه هماهنگ¬سازی منابع
تأثیر سرمایه فکری، مدیریت دانش و نوآوری بر مزیت رقابتی: دیدگاه هماهنگ سازی منابع
محورهای موضوعی : حسابداری مدیریت
محمدحسین صفرزاده بندری
1
,
بنیامین عزیزی
2
1 - استادیار، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران(نویسنده مسئول)
2 - دانشجوی دکتری حسابداری، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: سرمایه فکری, مدیریت دانش, نوآوری, استراتژی تمایز, مزیت رقابتی.,
چکیده مقاله :
منابع شرکت، به¬ویژه منابع نامشهود نقش مهمی در دستیابی به مزیت رقابتی و موقعیت بهتر شرکت¬ها را در بازار ایفا می-کنند. لذا هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر سرمایه فکری، مدیریت دانش، نوآوری و استراتژی تمایز بر مزیت رقابتی در شرکت¬های تولیدی بورس و فرابورس ایران است. علاوه بر این از دیدگاه هماهنگ سازی منابع به¬عنوان تئوری پایه پژوهش استفاده شده است. در این پژوهش داده ها از 213 شرکت تولیدی عضو بورس و فرابورس از طریق پرسشنامه جمع¬آوری گردید. یافته¬های پژوهش نشان داد که سرمایه فکری و مدیریت دانش به¬طور قابل توجهی باعث بهبود نوآوری و مزیت رقابتی شرکت می¬شوند. علاوه بر این سرمایه فکری و مدیریت دانش از طریق نوآوری باعث افزایش مزیت رقابتی شرکت می¬شوند. همچنین نوآوری نیز به¬عنوان عاملی تعیین¬کننده در ایجاد و بهبود مزیت رقابتی شرکت¬ها محسوب می¬شود. مدیران شرکت¬های تولیدی می¬توانند با استفاده از منابع ناملموس خود همچون سرمایه فکری و مدیریت دانش، فناوری¬های نوآورانه و استراتژی تمایز مزیت رقابتی خود را بهبود ببخشند.
Company resources, especially intangible resources, play an important role in achieving competitive advantage and a better position of companies in the market. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of intellectual capital, knowledge management, innovation and differentiation strategy on competitive advantage in Iran's listed and non-listed manufacturing companies. In addition, the point of view of resource orchestration has been used as the basic theory of the research. In this research, data was collected from 213 manufacturing companies that are members of the stock exchange and non-stock exchange through a questionnaire. The findings of the research showed that intellectual capital and knowledge management significantly improve the company's innovation and competitive advantage. In addition, intellectual capital and knowledge management increase the company's competitive advantage through innovation. Also, innovation is considered as a determining factor in creating and improving the competitive advantage of companies. Managers of manufacturing companies can improve their competitive advantage by using their intangible resources such as intellectual capital and knowledge management, innovative technologies and differentiation strategy.
جوان امانی، ودود و اکبری، حمید (1401). "بررسی تأثیر مدیریت دانش و سرمایه های فکری در کسب مزیت رقابتی و اولویت بندی آن به روش AHP (مورد مطالعه: شرکت بیمه ایران)". علوم و فنون مدیریت اطلاعات، 8(2)، ص 33-404.
دارابی، ر؛ نصیری، م و مولایی ایل ذوله، ع (1396). بررسی تأثیر سرمایه فکری بر فرآیندهای مدیریت دانش متأثر از فرهنگ سازمانی (مطالعه موردی: دانشگاه علوم پزشکی استان مازنداران). مدیریت سلامت، 2(68)، 65-74.
زراعت¬کار، س و کاس¬آقایی، ن (1399). تأثیر قابلیت¬ سازمان بر عملکرد با نقش میانجی مزیت رقابتی در شرکت سهامی بیمه ایران شهر تهران. توسعه مدیریت منابع انسانی و پشتیبانی، 56، 403-425.
علیقلی، منصوره؛ بازایی، قاسمعلی و عسگری ماسوله، سعید (1390). "نقش مدیریت دانش و سرمایه های فکری در کسب مزیت رقابتی". فصلنامه مدیریت کسب و کار، شماره 9، سال دوم.
Al-Hakim, L.A. and Hassan, S. (2016), “Core requirements of knowledge management implementation, innovation and
organizational performance”, Journal of Business Economics and Management, Vol. 17 No.1,pp.109-124. Alosani, M.S., Yusoff, R. and Al-Dhaafri, H. (2019), “The effect of innovation and strategic planning on enhancing organizational performance of Dubai police ”,Innovation& Management Review,Vol.17No.1, pp.2-24.
Alrowwad, A.A. and Abualoush, S.H. (2020), “Innovation and intellectual Capital as intermediary variables among transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and organizational performance”, Journa l of Management Development ,Vol.39No.2,pp.196-222
Argote, L. and Ingram, P. (2000), “Knowledge transfer: a basis for competitive advantage in firms”, Organizational Behavior
and Human Decision Processes,Vol.82No.1,pp.150-169. Asiaei, K. and Bontis, N. (2019), “Translating knowledge management into performance: the role of performancemeasurementsystems”,Management Research Review,Vol.43No.1,pp.113-132
. Asiaei, K., Barani, O., Bontis, N. and Arabahmadi, M. (2020), “Unpacking the black box: how intrapreneurship intervenes in the
intellectual Capital-performance relationship?”, Journal of Intellectual Capital,Vol.21No.6,pp.809-834. Asiaei, K., Jusoh, R. and Bontis, N. (2018), “Intellectual Capital and performance measurement systems inIran”,Journal of Intellectual Capital,Vol.19No.2,pp.294-320.
Asiaei,K., Rezaee, Z., Bontis, N., Barani,O.andSapiei,N.S. (2021), “Knowledgeassets, capabilitiesand performance measurement systems: a resource orchestration theory approach”, Journal of Knowledge Management,Vol.ahead-of-printNo.ahead-of-print.
Atalay, M., Anafarta, N. and Sarvan, F. (2013), “The relationship between innovation and firm performance: an empirical evidence from Turkish automotive supplier industry”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,Vol.75,pp.226-235.
Bara ˜o, A., de Vasconcelos, J.B., Rocha, A ´. andPereira, R. (2017), “A knowledge management approach to capture organizational learning networks”, International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 37 No.6,pp.735-740.
Barney, J.B. (1991), “Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage”, Journal of Management, Vol.17No.1,pp.99-120. Barney, J.B. and Arikan,A.M. (2001), “The resource-based view: origins and implications”, TheBlackwell HandbookofStrategicManagement,Vol.5,pp.124-188
. Bhatti, A. and Rehman, S.U. (2020), “Perceived benefits and perceived risks effect on online shopping behavior with the mediating role of consumer purchase intention in Pakistan”, International Journal of Management Studies, Vol.26No.1,pp.33-54.
Bhatti, A. and Rehman, S.U. (2020), “Perceived benefits and perceived risks effect on online shopping behavior with the mediating role of consumer purchase intention in Pakistan”, International Journal of Management Studies,Vol.26No.1,pp.33-54.
Bontis, N. (1998), “Intellectual capital: an exploratory study that develops measures and models”, Management Decision, Vol.36No.2,pp.63-76
. Bontis, N. (2001), “Managing organizational knowledge by diagnosing intellectual Capital: framing and advancing the state of the field”, International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 18 Nos 5/6/7/8, pp.433-463
. Bontis, N. (2004), “National intellectual Capital index: a united nations initiative for the arab region”, Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol.5No.1,pp.13-39.
Bontis, N., Ciambotti, M., Palazzi, F. andSgro,F. (2018), “Intellectual capital and financial performance in socialcooperativeenterprises”,JournalofIntellectualCapital,Vol.19No.4,pp.712-731
. Bontis, N., Keow, W.C.C. and Richardson, S. (2000), “Intellectual capital and business performance in Malaysian industries”,Journal of Intellectual Capital,Vol.1No.1,pp.85-100.
Chahal, H. and Bakshi, P. (2015), “Examining intellectual capital and competitive advantage relationship”,International Journal of Bank Marketing,Vol.33No.3,pp.376-399.
Chatzoglou,P. and Chatzoudes, D.(2018),“The role of innovation in building competitive eadvantages: an
empiricalinvestigation”,EuropeanJournalofInnovationManagement,Vol.21No.1,pp.44-69. Dyer, J.H. and Nobeoka, K. (2000), “Creating and managing a high-performance knowledge-sharing network:theToyotacase”,StrategicManagementJournal,Vol.21No.3,pp.345-367.
Easterby-Smith, M. and Prieto, I.M. (2008), “Dynamic capabilities and knowledge management: an integrative role for learning?”,British Journal of Management,Vol.9No.3,pp.235-249.
Giampaoli, D., Ciambotti, M. and Bontis, N. (2017), “Knowledge management, problem solving and performance in top Italian firms”,Journal of Knowledge Management,Vol.21No.2,pp.355-375.
Gold, A.H., Malhotra, A. and Segars, A.H. (2001), “Knowledge management: an organizational capabilities perspective”, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 185-214.
Hock-Doepgen, M., Clauss, T., Kraus, S. and Cheng, C.-F. (2021),“Knowledge management capabilities and organizational risk-
taking for business model innovation in SMEs”, Journal of Business Research, Vol.130,pp.683-697. Hsu, I.C. and Sabherwal, R. (2012), “Relationship between intellectual capital and knowledge management: an empirical investigation”,Decision Sciences,Vol.43No.3,pp.489-524.
Imran, M., Ismail, F., Arshad, I., Zeb, F. and Zahid, H. (2021), “The mediating role of innovation in the relationship between organizational culture and organizational performance in Pakistan’s banking sector”,Journal of PublicAffairs,pp.1-15,doi:10.1002/pa.2717.
Khalique, M., Bontis, N., Bin Shaari, J.A.N. and Isa, A.H.M. (2015), “Intellectual Capital in small and medium enterprises in Pakistan”,Journal of Intellectual Capital,Vol.16No.1,pp.224-238
. Kianto, A. (2008), “Development and validation of a survey instrument for measuring organisational renewal capability”, International Journal of Technology Management,Vol.42Nos1/2,pp.69-88
. Kianto, A., Hurmelinna-Laukkanen, P. and Ritala, P. (2010), “Intellectual Capital in service-and product oriented companies”,Journal of Intellectual Capital,Vol.11No.3,pp.305-325.
Kim, T., Yoo, J.J.-E. and Lee, G. (2011), “The HOINCAP scale: measuring intellectual Capital in the hotel industry”,The Service Industries Journal,Vol.31No.13,pp.2243-2272.
Lee, H. and Choi, B. (2003), “Knowledge management enablers, processes, and organizational performance: an integrative view and empirical examination”, Journal of Management Information Systems,Vol.20No.1,pp.179-228
. Lee, V.-H., Foo, A.T.-L., Leong, L.-Y. and Ooi, K.-B. (2016), “Can competitive advantage be achieved through knowledge management? A case study on SMEs”,Expert Systems with Applications,Vol.65,pp.136-151
. Migdadi, M.M. (2020), “Knowledge management processes, innovation capability and organizational performance”, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. ahead-of-print No.ahead-of-print,doi:10.1108/IJPPM-04-2020-0154.
Miles, R.E. and Snow, C.C. (1978), Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process, MacGraw Hill, New York,NY.
Obeidat, B.Y., Al-Suradi, M.M. and Tarhini, A. (2016), “The impact of knowledge management on innovation: an empirical study on Jordanian consultancy firms”, Management Research Review, Vol. 39 No.10,pp.1214-1238.
Payal, R., Ahmed, S. and Debnath, R.M. (2019), “Impact of knowledge management on organizational performance”, VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, Vol. 49 No. 4, pp.510-530.
Rehman, S.-U., Bhatti, A., Kraus, S. and Ferreira, J.J. (2020), “The role of environmental management control systems for
ecological sustainability and sustainable performance”, Management Decision, Vol.59No.9,doi:10.1108/MD-06-2020-0800. Rehman, S.-U., Elrehail, H., Alsaad, A. and Bhatti, A. (2021a), “Intellectual Capital and innovative performance: a mediation-moderation perspective”, Journal of Intellectual Capital, doi:10.1108/JIC-042020-0109.
Rehman, S.-U., Kraus, S., Shah, S.A., Khanin, D. and Mahto, R.V. (2021b), “Analyzing the relationship between green innovation
and environmental performance in large manufacturing firms”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change,Vol.163,p.120481. Rehman, S-U., Bhatti, A. and Chaudhry, N.I. (2019b), “Mediating effect of innovative culture and organizational learning between leadership styles at third-order and organizational performance in Malaysian SMEs”,Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research,Vol.9No.1,pp.1-24
. Rehman, S-U., Mohamed, R. and Ayoup, H. (2019a), “The mediating role of organizational capabilities between organizational performance and its determinants”, Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research,Vol.9No.1,pp.1-23,doi:10.1186/s40497-019
-0155-5. Sabherwal, R. and Becerra-Fernandez, I. (2003), “An empirical study of the effect of knowledge management processes at individual, group, and organizational levels”, Decision Sciences, Vol. 34 No.2,pp.225-260
. Sabherwal, R. and Sabherwal, S. (2005), “Knowledge management using information technology: determinants of short-term impact on firm value”,Decision Sciences,Vol.36No.4,pp.531-567.
ShafiqueUrRehman, Stefano Bresciani, Khurram Ashfaq and Gazi Mahabubul Alam, (2021), “Intellectual capital, knowledge
management and competitive advantage: a resource orchestration perspective”, JOURNAL OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT. Sirmon, D.G. and Hitt, M.A. (2009), “Contingencies within dynamic managerial capabilities: interdependent effects of resource i
nvestment and deployment on firm performance”, Strategic Management Journal,Vol.30No.13,pp.1375-1394. Sirmon, D.G., Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Gilbert, B.A. (2011), “Resource orchestration to create competitive advantage: breadth, depth, and life cycle effects”, Journal of Management, Vol. 37 No. 5, pp.1390-1412.
Teeratansirikool, L., Siengthai, S., Badir, Y. and Charoenngam, C. (2013), “Competitive strategies and firm performance: the mediating role of performance measurement”, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management ,Vol.62No.2,pp.168-184.
Venkitachalam, K. and Willmott, H. (2017), “Strategic knowledge management – insights and pitfalls”, International Journal of Information Management,Vol.37No.4,pp.313-316
. Wahda, W. (2017), “Mediating effect of knowledge management on organizational learning culture toward organization performance”,Journal of Management Development,Vol.36No.7,pp.846-858
. Wang, J.-C. (2008), “Investigating market value and intellectual Capital for S&P 500”, Journal of Intellectual Capital,Vol.9No.4,pp.546-563.
Wang, Z. and Wang, N. (2012), “Knowledge sharing, innovation and firm performance”, Expert Systems with Applications,Vol.39No.10,pp.8899-8908
. Wang, Z., Sharma, P.N. and Cao, J. (2016b), “From knowledge sharing to firm performance: a predictive model comparison”,Journal of Business Research,Vol.69No.10,pp.4650-4658
. Wang, Z., Wang, N., Cao, J. and Ye, X. (2016a), “The impact of intellectual Capital–knowledge management strategy fit on firm performance”, Management Decision,Vol.54No.8,pp.1861-1885.
Wu, J. and Chen, X. (2012), “Leaders’ social ties, knowledge acquisition capability and firm competitive advantage”,AsiaPacific Journal of Management,Vol.29No.2,pp.331-350.
Wu, W.Y., Chang, M.L. and Chen, C.W. (2008), “Promoting innovation through the accumulation of intellectual capital, social capital, and entrepreneurial orientation”, R&D Management, Vol. 38 No. 3, pp.265-277
. Yaseen, S.G., Dajani, D. and Hasan, Y. (2016), “The impact of intellectual capital on the competitive advantage: applied study in Jordanian telecommunication companies”, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol.62,pp.168-175
. Zerenler, M., Hasiloglu, S.B. and Sezgin, M. (2008), “Intellectual capital and innovation performance: empirical evidence in the Turkish automotive supplier”, Journal of Technology Management& Innovation, Vol.3No.4,pp.31-40
.
