اثر تراكم‌هاي مختلف گياهی بر پتانسيل رقابتی ذرت با جمعيت طبيعي علف‌هاي هرز
محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعيعبدالنور چعب 1 , محمد حسين قرينه 2
1 - - دانش‌آموخته كارشناسي ارشد دانشكده كشاورزي رامين(ملاثاني اهواز)، دانشگاه كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي، خوزستان - ايران
2 - گروه زراعت دانشكده كشاورزي رامين(ملاثاني اهواز)، دانشگاه كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي، خوزستان - ايران.
کلید واژه: تراكم گياهي, رقابت, تداخل, جمعيت طبيعي علف‌هاي هرز, ذرت.,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسي تاثير افزايش تراكم گياهي ذرت دانه‌اي بر توان رقابتي آن با جمعيت طبيعي علف‌هاي هرز در شرايط آب و هوايي خوزستان آزمايشي در سال 86 در مزرعه تحقيقاتي دانشكده كشاورزي دانشگاه كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي رامين به صورت طرح بلوك كامل تصادفي با چهار تكرار اجرا شد. تيمارهاي مورد مطالعه در اين آزمايش شامل كشت خالص ذرت در سه تراكم گياهي (40000، 70000 و 100000 بوته در هكتار) و تيمارهاي تداخل علف‌هاي هرز تا مراحل فنولوژيكي 9 و 13 برگي ذرت در شش تيمار كه در هر كدام از اين تراكم گياهي اعمال گرديد. علاوه براين يك تيمار تداخل علف‌هاي هرز در سراسر فصل رشد با تراكم گياهي 70000 بوته در هكتار (تراكم گياهي معمول خوزستان) نيز بعنوان شاهد تداخل كامل علف‌هاي هرز در نظر گرفته شد. نتايج نشان داد كه ميان تيمارهاي كشت خالص و تداخل علف‌هاي هرز تا مراحل فنولوژيكي 9 و 13 برگي، و در طول فصل رشد در تراكم گياهي 70000 بوته در هكتار از نظر عملكرد بيولوژيك، عملكرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، تعداد دانه در بلال، تعداد رديف در بلال، تعداد دانه در رديف و وزن هزار‌دانه تفاوت معني‌داري وجود داشت، به‌گونه‌اي كه با افزايش دوره تداخل علف‌هاي هرز، اين صفات به شدت كاهش يافتند. همچنين در اين مطالعه مشخص شد كه با افزايش تراكم گياهي ذرت، حضور علف‌هاي هرز را تا مرحله 9 برگي (40 روز پس از كاشت) با كاهش 6 تا 15 درصدي در عملكرد تحمل مي‌نمايد.
In order to study the effects of increasing corn plant density on competitive ability of corn with natural weed population in Khuzestan climate, a Randomized Complete Block design with four replications was conducted in the experimental field station at Ramin Agricultural and Natural resources, Mollasani university of Ahwaz. Treatments included pure stands of corn at three density ( 40000, 70000 and 100000 plants ha) and weed interference period to v9 and v13 in any of plant density ( 40000, 70000 and 100000 plant ha ). Also another additional treatment was adopted as weed-interference during the growth season with density of 70000 plant ha. Results showed that there was significant difference between the studied characters, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, grain number per ear, and row number per ear, grain number per row and 1000-kernel weight among treatments. The studied characters were severely reduced by increasing the duration of weed interference after corn emergence. In addition, results showed that with corn plant increasing density, corn plants tolerated the presence of weeds until v9 stage with approximately 6-15% in yield loss.
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